IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/imfstp/v23y1976i2p334-348.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Exchange Rate as an Instrument of Policy in a Developing Country (Le taux de change, instrument de politique d'un pays en développement) (El tipo de cambio como un instrumento de política en un país en desarrollo)

Author

Listed:
  • Omotunde E. G. Johnson

    (International Monetary Fund)

Abstract

Changes in the exchange rate can be used (a) as an instrument of monetary adjustment where there is an excess supply of money; (b) as a device to tax (subsidize) asset accumulation in the public sector; (c) as an instrument to impose a once and for all wealth tax on some producers in the private sector and to give a once and for all subsidy to other producers; and (d) as an instrument to induce long-run shifts of resources from some sectors to others. For devaluation to have real effects (apart from those that are due to wealth distribution between the government and the private sector), it must result in a fall in real absorption, given real income. In the monetarist framework, the fall in real absorption comes about through a fall in real money balances. It is argued that, contrary to some recent monetary models, the changes in relative prices that occur as a result of the fall in absorption have wealth effects in the less developed countries and that these wealth effects have long-run consequences for the structure of these economies. The foregoing arguments will hold even in the absence of money illusion among wage earners. /// Les fluctuations du taux de change peuvent être utilisées à diverses fins: a) en tant qu'instrument d'ajustement monétaire lorsque la masse monétaire est excédentaire; b) en tant que mécanisme pour taxer (subventionner) l'accumulation de capital dans le secteur public; c) en tant que dispositif pour imposer de façon définitive la fortune de certains producteurs du secteur privé et subventionner une fois pour toutes d'autres producteurs et d) en tant qu'instrument pour provoquer des transferts de ressources à long terme entre secteurs. Il faut, pour que la dévaluation exerce des effets réels (exception faite de ceux engendrés par la répartition des richesses entre les secteurs public et privé), qu'elle se traduise par une chute de l'absorption réelle, le revenu réel étant donné. Les monétaristes soutiennent que cette chute provient d'un effondrement des balances monétaires réelles. Il est avancé que, contrairement à certains modèles monétaires récents, les fluctuations des prix relatifs résultant de la chute de la consommation ont des effets de richesse dans les pays moins développés et que ces effets influent à long terme sur la structure de ces économies. Les arguments précédents sont valables même en l'absence d'une illusion monétaire chez les salariés. /// Las modificaciones del tipo de cambio pueden usarse: a) como instrumento de ajuste monetario cuando hay una oferta excesiva de dinero; b) como medio de gravar (subsidiar) la acumulación de activos en el sector público; c) como instrumento para gravar a algunos productores del sector privado con un impuesto único y en una sola etapa sobre la riqueza y para conceder o otros un subsidio único y en una sola etapa, y d) como instrumento para conseguir desplazamientos a largo plazo de recursos de unos sectores a otros. Para que una devaluación tenga efectos reales (aparte de los que se deben a la distribución de riqueza entre el gobierno y el sector privado), debe resultar en una disminución de la absorción real, con un ingreso real dado. En el marco monetarista, la disminución de la absorción real se produce por la disminución del valor real de los saldos monetarios. Se sostiene que, contrariamente a lo que indican algunos modelos monetarios recientes, las variaciones de precios relativos provocadas por la disminución de la absorción tienen efectos de riqueza en los países menos desarrollados con consecuencias a largo plazo a su vez en la estructura de estas economías. Esta tesis será válida incluso si no hay ilusión monetaria entre los trabajadores.

Suggested Citation

  • Omotunde E. G. Johnson, 1976. "The Exchange Rate as an Instrument of Policy in a Developing Country (Le taux de change, instrument de politique d'un pays en développement) (El tipo de cambio como un instrumento de política en un ," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(2), pages 334-348, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:pal:imfstp:v:23:y:1976:i:2:p:334-348
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3866627?origin=pubexport
    File Function: main text
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:imfstp:v:23:y:1976:i:2:p:334-348. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.