The direction and level of changes in real incomes brought about by structural adjustment are determined by a variety of factors, including sources of income, patterns of expenditures, and movements in relative prices in the wake of adjustment. An econometric model is used to derive an index of real income, which is employed for data from Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Malawi, Madagascar, and Tanzania. No systematic changes in relative prices, and especially in the ratio of tradable to nontradable prices, were noted after the beginning of adjustment, although the diversity of income sources implies that the implications of movements in relative prices on smallholder welfare are indeed complex. The results indicate that there is no unequivaocal pattern of increase or decline in the real welfare of the rural poor but that there are marked differences among countries and regions. Copyright 1991 by Oxford University Press.
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Jayne, T.S. & Mukumbu, Mulinge & Duncan, John & Staatz, John & Howard, Julie & Lundberg, Mattias & Aldridge, Kim & Nakaponda, Bethel & Ferris, Jake & Keita, Francis & Sanankoua, Abdel Kader, 1996.
"Trends In Real Food Prices In Six Sub-Saharan African Countries,"
Food Security III Papers
11381, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
[Downloadable!]
Jayne, T.S. & Mukumbu, Mulinge & Duncan, John & Staatz, John & Howard, Julie & Lundberg, Mattias & Aldridge, Kim & Nakaponda, Bethel & Ferris, Jake & Keita, Francis & Sanankoua, Abdel Kader, 1995.
"Trends In Real Food Prices In Six Sub-Saharan African Countries,"
Food Security III Papers
11327, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
[Downloadable!]