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The Pricing of Initial Public Offerings: Tests of Adverse-Selection and Signaling Theories

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Michaely, Roni
Shaw, Wayne H

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Abstract

We test the empirical implications of several models of IPO underpricing. Consistent with the winner's-curse hypothesis, we show that in markets where investors know a priori that they do not have to compete with informed investors, IPOs are not underpriced. We also show that IPOs underwritten by reputable investment banks experience significantly less underpricing and perform significantly better in the long run. We do not find empirical support for the signaling models that try to explain why firms underprice. In fact, we find that (1) firms that underprice more return to the reissue market less frequently, and for lesser amounts, than firms that underprice less, and (2) firms that underprice less experience higher earnings and pay higher dividends, contrary to the model's predictions. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.

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Article provided by Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies in its journal Review of Financial Studies.

Volume (Year): 7 (1994)
Issue (Month): 2 ()
Pages: 279-319
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Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:7:y:1994:i:2:p:279-319

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  1. Su H. Chan & Mark H. Stohs & Ko Wang, 2001. "Are Real Estate IPOs a Different Species? Evidence from Hong Kong IPOs," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 21(3), pages 337-356. [Downloadable!]
  2. Reena Aggarwal & Nagpurnanand R. Prabhala & Manju Puri, 2002. "Institutional Allocation In Initial Public Offerings: Empirical Evidence," NBER Working Papers 9070, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Kathleen Weiss Hanley & Charles Lee & Paul Seguin, 1995. "The Marketing of Closed-End Fund IPOs," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 94-21, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania. [Downloadable!]
  4. Katharina, Lewellen, 2004. "Risk, Reputation, and the Price Support of IPOs," Working papers 4453-03, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sloan School of Management. [Downloadable!]
  5. Hoa Nguyen & William Dimovski & Robert Brooks, 2007. "Underpricing, Risk Management, Hot Issue and Crowding out Effects: Evidence from the Australian Resources Sector Initital Public Offerings," Accounting, Finance, Financial Planning and Insurance Series 2007_17, Deakin University, Faculty of Business and Law, School of Accounting, Economics and Finance. [Downloadable!]
  6. L. Cassia & G. Giudici & S. Paleari & R. Redondi, 2004. "IPO underpricing in Italy," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 179-194, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Qi Huang & Richard M. Levich, 1999. "Underpricing of New Equity Offerings by Privatized Firms: An International Test," New York University, Leonard N. Stern School Finance Department Working Paper Seires 99-075, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business-. [Downloadable!]
  8. Maher Kooli & Jean-Marc Suret, 2001. "The Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings: Further Canadian Evidence," CIRANO Working Papers 2001s-50, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
  9. Michelle Lowry & Micah S. Officer & G. William Schwert, 2006. "The Variability of IPO Initial Returns," NBER Working Papers 12295, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Aggarwal, Reena & Klapper, Leora, 2003. "Ownership structure and initial public offerings," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3103, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  11. Chitru S. Fernando & Srinivasan Krishnamurthy & Paul A. Spindt, 2002. "Is the Offer Price in IPOs Informative? Underpricing, Ownership Structure, and Performance," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 01-33, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania. [Downloadable!]
  12. Fohlin, Caroline, 2000. "IPO Underpricing in Two Universes: Berlin, 1882-1892, and New York, 1998-2000," Working Papers 1088, California Institute of Technology, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences. [Downloadable!]
  13. Xiaoqiong Cai & Guy Liu & Bryan Mase, 2008. "The long-run performance of initial public offerings and its determinants: the case of China," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 30(4), pages 419-432, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Ellingsen, Tore & Rydqvist, Kristian, 1997. "The Stock Market as a Screening Device and the Decision to Go Public," Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance 174, Stockholm School of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  15. Cao Melanie & Shouyong Shi, 2002. "Signalling in the Internet Craze of Initial Public Offerings," Working Papers shouyong-02-03, University of Toronto, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  16. Goergen, M. & Renneboog, L.D.R. & Khurshed, A., 2004. "Shareholder lockup agreements in the European new markets," Discussion Paper 121, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  17. R. Stehle & O. Ehrhardt, . "Renditen bei B"orseneinf"uhrungen am deutschen Kapitalmarkt," Sonderforschungsbereich 373 1996-89, Humboldt Universitaet Berlin.
  18. Jean Helwege & Nellie Liang, 2003. "Initial public offerings in hot and cold markets," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2003-04, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
  19. Cornelli, Francesca & Goldreich, David, 1999. "Bookbuilding and Strategic Allocation," CEPR Discussion Papers 2160, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  20. Francis , Bill B & Hasan , Iftekhar & Lothian , James R & Sun, Xian, 2008. "The signalling hypothesis revisited: Evidence from foreign IPOs," Research Discussion Papers 10/2008, Bank of Finland. [Downloadable!]
  21. Pandey Ajay & Kumar G. Arun, 2001. "Relative Effectiveness of Signals in IPOs in Indian Capital Markets," IIMA Working Papers 2001-09-03, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department. [Downloadable!]
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