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Pricing and Congestion: Economic Principles Relevant to Pricing Roads

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Author Info
Newbery, David M

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Abstract

U.K. expenditures on roads or "road costs" average L4.34 billion per year. From the 24.6 million vehicles registered, road taxes of L12.7 billion were collected -2.9 times "road costs." From 1978-88, the average daily traffic on each km of road rose by 34 percent with a consequent serious increase in congestion. Road space is a valuable and scarce resource, and road users should logically pay the marginal social cost if they are to make efficient transport and location decisions. The paper estimates these costs and the appropriate charges for Britain, and identifies the major policy issues. Total road charges, ignoring hard-to-quantify accident costs, should yield L13.8 billion, of which congestion charges would be L12.8 billion. Though close to road taxes in total amount, replacing current taxes by road pricing would reduce congestion, improve public transport, and avoid perverse consequences from road expansion. Copyright 1990 by Oxford University Press.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Oxford University Press in its journal Oxford Review of Economic Policy.

Volume (Year): 6 (1990)
Issue (Month): 2 (Summer)
Pages: 22-38
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Handle: RePEc:oup:oxford:v:6:y:1990:i:2:p:22-38

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  1. Richard Arnott, 1992. "Information and Usage of Congestible Facilities Under Free Access," Discussion Papers 974, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science. [Downloadable!]
  2. Johansson-Stenman, Olof, 2005. "Optimal Environmental Road pricing," Working Papers in Economics 168, Göteborg University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  3. K. Conrad, 2000. "Energy Tax and Competition in Energy Efficiency: The Case of Consumer Durables," Environmental & Resource Economics, European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 15(2), pages 159-177, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Ian Parry, 2003. "On the Costs of Excise Taxes and Income Taxes in the UK," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer, vol. 10(3), pages 281-304, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Parry, Ian & Bento, Antonio, 1999. "Revenue Recycling and the Welfare Effects of Road Pricing," Discussion Papers dp-99-45, Resources For the Future. [Downloadable!]
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  6. Martin Winter & Christian von Hirschhausen, 2006. "Environmental HDV Road Charging for Berlin - Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Estimations," Working Papers 2006-01, Center for Network Industries and Infrastructure (CNI). [Downloadable!]
  7. Deborah Roberts, John Farrington, David Gray, Suzanne Martin, 1999. "The Distributional Effects Of Fuel Duties: The Impact On Rural Households In Scotland," Regional Studies, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 33(3), pages 281-288, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Parry, Ian & Small, Kenneth, 2002. "Does Britain or the United States Have the Right Gasoline Tax?," Discussion Papers dp-02-12-, Resources For the Future. [Downloadable!]
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  9. Edward Calthrop & Stef Proost, 1998. "Road Transport Externalities," Environmental & Resource Economics, European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 11(3), pages 335-348, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Don Fullerton & Andrew Leicester & Stephen Smith, 2008. "Environmental Taxes," NBER Working Papers 14197, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Parry, Ian, 2000. "Comparing the Efficiency of Alternative Policies for Reducing Traffic Congestion," Discussion Papers dp-00-28, Resources For the Future. [Downloadable!]
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  12. Newbery, David M G & Santos, Georgina, 2002. "Estimating Urban Road Congestion Charges," CEPR Discussion Papers 3176, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Parry, Ian, 2000. "Comparing the Marginal Excess Burden of Labor, Gasoline, Cigarette and Alcohol Taxes: An Application to the United Kingdom," Discussion Papers dp-00-33-rev, Resources For the Future. [Downloadable!]
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