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The Swedish Banking Crisis: Roots and Consequences

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Author Info
Englund, Peter
Abstract

The article analyses the Swedish banking crisis in the early 1990s. Newly deregulated credit markets after 1985 stimulated a competitive process between financial institutions where expansion was given priority. Combined with an expansive macro policy, this contributed to an asset price boom. The subsequent crisis resulted from a highly leveraged private sector being simultaneously hit by three major exogenous events: a shift in monetary policy with an increase in pre-tax interest rates, a tax reform that increased after tax interest rates, and the ERM crisis. Combined with some overinvestment in commercial property, high real interest rates contributed to breaking the boom in real estate prices and triggering a downward price spiral resulting in bankruptcies and massive credit losses. The government rescued the banking system by issuing a general guarantee of bank obligations. The total direct cost to the taxpayer of the salvage has been estimated at around 2 per cent of GDP. Copyright 1999 by Oxford University Press.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Oxford University Press in its journal Oxford Review of Economic Policy.

Volume (Year): 15 (1999)
Issue (Month): 3 (Autumn)
Pages: 80-97
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Handle: RePEc:oup:oxford:v:15:y:1999:i:3:p:80-97

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  4. Hortlund, Per, 2005. "Does Inflation and High Taxes Increase Bank Leverage?," Ratio Working Papers 69, The Ratio Institute. [Downloadable!]
  5. Goetz von Peter, 2004. "Asset Prices and Banking Distress: A Macroeconomic Approach," Finance 0411034, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
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  6. Hortlund, Per, 2005. "Do Inflation and High Taxes Increase Bank Leverage?," Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance 612, Stockholm School of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  7. Martin Hellwig, 2009. "Systemic Risk in the Financial Sector: An Analysis of the Subprime-Mortgage Financial Crisis," De Economist, Springer, vol. 157(2), pages 129-207, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Caprio, Gerard & Honohan, Patrick, 2001. "Finance for Growth: Policy Choices in a Volatile World," MPRA Paper 9929, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  9. Risager, Ole, 2004. "A Price Earnings Index for the Danish Stock Market," Working Papers 13-2004, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  10. Honkapohja, Seppo, 2009. "The 1990’s financial crises in Nordic countries," Research Discussion Papers 5/2009, Bank of Finland. [Downloadable!]
  11. Jaakko Kiander, 2003. "Macroeconomic Policy and Performance in the Nordic EU Countries in the 1990s," Eastward Enlargement of the Euro-zone Working Papers wp17b, Free University Berlin, Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence, revised 01 May 2003. [Downloadable!]
  12. Berg, Lennart, 2001. "Prices and Constant Quality Price Indexes for Multi-Dwelling and Commercial Buildings in Sweden," Working Paper Series 2002:2, Uppsala University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  13. Carling, Kenneth & Jacobson, Tor & Lindé, Jesper & Roszbach, Kasper, 2002. "Capital Charges under Basel II: Corporate Credit Risk Modelling and the Macro Economy," Working Paper Series 142, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden). [Downloadable!]
  14. Hortlund, Per, 2005. "The Long-Term Relationship between Capital and Earnings in Banking: Sweden 1870–2001," Ratio Working Papers 63, The Ratio Institute. [Downloadable!]
  15. Gary B. Gorton, 2008. "The Subprime Panic," NBER Working Papers 14398, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Martin Hellwig, 2007. "Switzerland and Euroland: European Monetary Union, Monetary Stability and Financial Stability," Working Paper Series of the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods 2007_9, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods. [Downloadable!]
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