Experimental assessment of heat and mass transfer characteristics of solar-powered adiabatic liquid desiccant dehumidifier and regenerator

Coupled heat and mass transfer performance of an adiabatic solar-powered liquid desiccant dehumidification and regeneration scheme using lithium bromide(LiBr) solution has been conducted experimentally as well as numerically under subtropical climatic conditions. The application of a vacuum insulated photovoltaic and thermal module to provide desiccant regeneration heat as well as electrical power to drive the air fans and liquid pumps have been explored. A square channelled ceramic cordierite packing with a varying channel density of 20–80 m$^2$/m$^3$ has been used to establish the optimum direct air-LiBr contact ratio for maximum effectiveness. The aggregate crammed vertical dehumidifier and regenerator operational indices featured were effectiveness, moisture removal rate (MRR), heat and mass transfer constants and Lewis number. The influence of solar radiation, humidity and L/G ratios, air–desiccant flow rates and concentration on the indices have been scrutinized in details. A 3D predictive numerical thermal model based on falling liquid stream with constant thickness in counter-flow configuration has been developed and solved by a combination of separative appraisal and stepwise iterative technique. The heat and mass exchange coefficients significantly increased with the increase in Lewis number, air and desiccant flow rates for both the dehumidifier and regenerator vessels. The predicted results of heat and mass transfer coefficients, effectiveness and MRRs have been validated with experimental measurements within a general acceptable conformity of less than $\pm $10%.