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The middle class in macroeconomics and growth theory: a three-class neo-Kaleckian–Goodwin model

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  • Thomas I. Palley

Abstract

This paper presents a three-class growth model with labour market conflict. The classes are workers, a middle-management middle class and a ‘top’ management capitalist class. The model introduces personal income distribution that supplements conventional concerns with functional income distribution. Endogenously generated changes in personal income distribution can generate endogenous shifts from profit-led to wage-led regimes and vice versa. A three-class economy generates richer patterns of class conflict because the middle class has shared interests and conflicts with both capitalists and workers. Changes that benefit the middle class do not necessarily increase growth or employment or benefit workers.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas I. Palley, 2015. "The middle class in macroeconomics and growth theory: a three-class neo-Kaleckian–Goodwin model," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 39(1), pages 221-243.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:cambje:v:39:y:2015:i:1:p:221-243.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/cje/beu019
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    Cited by:

    1. Kemp-Benedict, Eric, 2015. "New ways to slice the pie: Span of control and wage and salary distribution within firms," MPRA Paper 77072, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 24 Feb 2017.
    2. Amitava Krishna Dutt, 2017. "Heterodox Theories Of Economic Growth And Income Distribution: A Partial Survey," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(5), pages 1240-1271, December.
    3. Dögüs, Ilhan, 2021. "Financialisation and market concentration in the USA: A monetary circuit theory," ZÖSS-Discussion Papers 87, University of Hamburg, Centre for Economic and Sociological Studies (CESS/ZÖSS).
    4. Mark Setterfield & Yun K. Kim & Jeremy Rees, 2016. "Inequality, Debt Servicing and the Sustainability of Steady State Growth," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(1), pages 45-63, January.
    5. Hanna Karolina Szymborska, 2022. "Rethinking inequality in the 21st century – inequality and household balance sheet composition in financialized economies," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(1), pages 24-72, January.
    6. Tonni, Lorenzo, 2021. "Personal income distribution and the endogeneity of the demand regime," MPRA Paper 108298, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Claudio Roberto Amitrano, 2017. "Income Distribution, Productive Structure and Growth in South America," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 64(2), pages 139-168, March.
    8. Yannis Dafermos & Christos Papatheodorou, 2015. "Linking functional with personal income distribution: a stock-flow consistent approach," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(6), pages 787-815, November.
    9. Setterfield, Mark & Kim, Yun K., 2016. "Debt servicing, aggregate consumption, and growth," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 22-33.
    10. Soon Ryoo, 2016. "Inequality of Income and Wealth in the Long Run: A Kaldorian Perspective," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 67(2), pages 429-457, May.
    11. Parui, Pintu, 2021. "The Macroeconomic Effects of Financialization and the Wage Gap between Blue and White Collar Workers," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 416-443.
    12. Dögüs, Ilhan, 2017. "Rising wage dispersion between white-collar and blue-collar workers and market concentration: The case of the USA, 1966-2011," ZÖSS-Discussion Papers 62, University of Hamburg, Centre for Economic and Sociological Studies (CESS/ZÖSS).
    13. Kemp-Benedict, Eric, 2015. "A middle-manager model of wage and salary distribution within firms," MPRA Paper 64303, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Hanna Szymborska & Jan Toporowski, 2022. "Industrial Feudalism and Wealth Inequalities," Working Papers Series inetwp174, Institute for New Economic Thinking.
    15. Parui, Pintu, 2021. "Financialization and endogenous technological change: A post-Kaleckian perspective," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 221-244.
    16. Mark Setterfield, 2014. "Rising Income Inequality, Increased Household Indebtedness, and Post Keynesian Macrodynamics," Working Papers 1403, New School for Social Research, Department of Economics.
    17. Hanna Szymborska & Jan Toporowski, 2022. "Why the distribution of wealth matters: Industrial feudalism and social democracy," PSL Quarterly Review, Economia civile, vol. 75(302), pages 227-240.
    18. Ryunosuke Sonoda & Hiroaki Sasaki, 2019. "Differences in wage-determination systems between regular and non-regular employment in a Kaleckian model," Review of Keynesian Economics, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 7(3), pages 341-360, July.
    19. Eckhard Hein, 2017. "Post-Keynesian macroeconomics since the mid 1990s: main developments," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 14(2), pages 131-172, September.
    20. Stefan Ederer & Miriam Rehm, 2021. "Wealth inequality and aggregate demand," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 72(2), pages 405-424, May.
    21. Shogo Ogawa, 2019. "Dynamic analysis of a disequilibrium macroeconomic model with dual labor markets," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 70(3), pages 525-550, July.
    22. Oyvat, Cem & Öztunalı, Oğuz & Elgin, Ceyhun, 2018. "Wage-led vs. profit-led growth: a comprehensive empirical analysis," Greenwich Papers in Political Economy 20951, University of Greenwich, Greenwich Political Economy Research Centre.
    23. Prante, Franz J., 2019. "Income distribution and the multiplier: An exploration of nonlinear distribution effects in linear Kaleckian distribution and growth models," IPE Working Papers 121/2019, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE).
    24. Won Jun Nah & Lavoie, Marc, 2018. "Overhead labour costs in a neo-Kaleckian growth model with autonomous expenditures," IPE Working Papers 111/2018, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE).
    25. Carlo D’Ippoliti & Francesco Linguanti, 2023. "Inequality, Consumption Emulation, and Growth," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, vol. 55(4), pages 577-590, December.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E12 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian; Modern Monetary Theory
    • O41 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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