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Marginal predation: do encounter or confusion effects explain the targeting of prey group edges?

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  • Callum Duffield
  • Christos C Ioannou

Abstract

Lay SummaryLiving in groups has been shown to have antipredator benefits for prey animals but risk still differs for individuals within a group. Using fish as predators presented with simulations of virtual prey, we show that prey on the edge of groups are more likely to be attacked than others, even at relatively small group sizes. We also show that encountering prey on the edge is likely to explain this effect rather than predatory confusion.

Suggested Citation

  • Callum Duffield & Christos C Ioannou, 2017. "Marginal predation: do encounter or confusion effects explain the targeting of prey group edges?," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 28(5), pages 1283-1292.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:beheco:v:28:y:2017:i:5:p:1283-1292.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/beheco/arx090
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Benedict G. Hogan & Innes C. Cuthill & Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, 2016. "Dazzle camouflage, target tracking, and the confusion effect," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 27(5), pages 1547-1551.
    2. Katherine A. Jones & Andrew L. Jackson & Graeme D. Ruxton, 2011. "Prey jitters; protean behaviour in grouped prey," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 22(4), pages 831-836.
    3. C.C. Ioannou & C.R. Tosh & L. Neville & J. Krause, 2008. "The confusion effect--from neural networks to reduced predation risk," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 19(1), pages 126-130.
    4. Ben T. Hirsch & Lesley J. Morrell, 2011. "Measuring marginal predation in animal groups," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 22(3), pages 648-656.
    5. Lesley J. Morrell & William L. Romey, 2008. "Optimal individual positions within animal groups," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 19(4), pages 909-919.
    6. Graeme D. Ruxton & Andrew L. Jackson & Colin R. Tosh, 2007. "Confusion of predators does not rely on specialist coordinated behavior," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 18(3), pages 590-596.
    7. Alan B. Bond & Alan C. Kamil, 2002. "Visual predators select for crypticity and polymorphism in virtual prey," Nature, Nature, vol. 415(6872), pages 609-613, February.
    8. W.L. Romey & A.R. Walston & P.J. Watt, 2008. "Do 3-D predators attack the margins of 2-D selfish herds?," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 19(1), pages 74-78.
    9. Lesley J. Morrell & Richard James, 2008. "Mechanisms for aggregation in animals: rule success depends on ecological variables," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 19(1), pages 193-201.
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    Cited by:

    1. Caroline H. Brighton & Laura N. Kloepper & Christian D. Harding & Lucy Larkman & Kathryn McGowan & Lillias Zusi & Graham K. Taylor, 2022. "Raptors avoid the confusion effect by targeting fixed points in dense aerial prey aggregations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.

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