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Open Innovation: A Theory-Based View

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  • Felin, Teppo
  • Zenger, Todd R.

Abstract

In this short essay we argue that open innovation requires a point of view—a firm-specific theory. In competitive environments, openness is not a free and obvious resource: openness can be costly and requires a theory of what a firm should uniquely be open to. Openness is most effective when firms are not merely scanning or filtering the environment, but rather when they know what they are looking for—a critical distinction. Thus we argue that the commonly used funnel or filtering metaphor of open innovation—where the firm seeks to be more and more open to the environment—is misleading and problematic. Instead, openness should be conceived of as a directed activity: an activity directed by the theories, hypotheses, and problems of the firm. To use a metaphor, rather than increase the aperture, lens size, breadth, and overall capacity to be open to and absorb external factors (information, ideas, products, solutions), we argue that the best outcomes from openness emerge from a more targeted search- or flashlight approach. We conclude with a discussion of future directions building on this agenda.

Suggested Citation

  • Felin, Teppo & Zenger, Todd R., 2020. "Open Innovation: A Theory-Based View," Strategic Management Review, now publishers, vol. 1(2), pages 223-232, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:now:jnlsmr:111.00000011
    DOI: 10.1561/111.00000011
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    Cited by:

    1. Hong-Jing Jia & Zi-Yin Zhuang & Yan-Xiang Xie & Yi-Xi Wang & Shi-Ying Wu, 2023. "Research on Dynamic Capability and Enterprise Open Innovation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-23, January.
    2. Langlois, Jonathan & BenMahmoud-Jouini, Sihem & Servajean-Hilst, Romaric, 2023. "Practicing secrecy in open innovation – The case of a military firm," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(1).
    3. Schäper, Thomas & Jung, Christopher & Foege, Johann Nils & Bogers, Marcel L.A.M. & Fainshmidt, Stav & Nüesch, Stephan, 2023. "The S-shaped relationship between open innovation and financial performance: A longitudinal perspective using a novel text-based measure," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(6).
    4. Oliver Alexy, 2022. "How flat can it get? From better at flatter to the promise of the decentralized, boundaryless organization," Journal of Organization Design, Springer;Organizational Design Community, vol. 11(1), pages 31-36, March.
    5. Lu, Qinli & Chesbrough, Henry, 2022. "Measuring open innovation practices through topic modelling: Revisiting their impact on firm financial performance," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).

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