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Structural basis of NPR1 in activating plant immunity

Author

Listed:
  • Shivesh Kumar

    (Duke University School of Medicine)

  • Raul Zavaliev

    (Duke University
    Duke University)

  • Qinglin Wu

    (Duke University School of Medicine)

  • Ye Zhou

    (Duke University)

  • Jie Cheng

    (Duke University School of Medicine)

  • Lucas Dillard

    (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services)

  • Jordan Powers

    (Duke University
    Duke University)

  • John Withers

    (Duke University
    Duke University)

  • Jinshi Zhao

    (Duke University School of Medicine)

  • Ziqiang Guan

    (Duke University School of Medicine)

  • Mario J. Borgnia

    (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services)

  • Alberto Bartesaghi

    (Duke University School of Medicine
    Duke University
    Duke University)

  • Xinnian Dong

    (Duke University
    Duke University)

  • Pei Zhou

    (Duke University School of Medicine)

Abstract

NPR1 is a master regulator of the defence transcriptome induced by the plant immune signal salicylic acid1–4. Despite the important role of NPR1 in plant immunity5–7, understanding of its regulatory mechanisms has been hindered by a lack of structural information. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy and crystal structures of Arabidopsis NPR1 and its complex with the transcription factor TGA3. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis reveals that NPR1 is a bird-shaped homodimer comprising a central Broad-complex, Tramtrack and Bric-à-brac (BTB) domain, a BTB and carboxyterminal Kelch helix bundle, four ankyrin repeats and a disordered salicylic-acid-binding domain. Crystal structure analysis reveals a unique zinc-finger motif in BTB for interacting with ankyrin repeats and mediating NPR1 oligomerization. We found that, after stimulation, salicylic-acid-induced folding and docking of the salicylic-acid-binding domain onto ankyrin repeats is required for the transcriptional cofactor activity of NPR1, providing a structural explanation for a direct role of salicylic acid in regulating NPR1-dependent gene expression. Moreover, our structure of the TGA32–NPR12–TGA32 complex, DNA-binding assay and genetic data show that dimeric NPR1 activates transcription by bridging two fatty-acid-bound TGA3 dimers to form an enhanceosome. The stepwise assembly of the NPR1–TGA complex suggests possible hetero-oligomeric complex formation with other transcription factors, revealing how NPR1 reprograms the defence transcriptome.

Suggested Citation

  • Shivesh Kumar & Raul Zavaliev & Qinglin Wu & Ye Zhou & Jie Cheng & Lucas Dillard & Jordan Powers & John Withers & Jinshi Zhao & Ziqiang Guan & Mario J. Borgnia & Alberto Bartesaghi & Xinnian Dong & Pe, 2022. "Structural basis of NPR1 in activating plant immunity," Nature, Nature, vol. 605(7910), pages 561-566, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:605:y:2022:i:7910:d:10.1038_s41586-022-04699-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04699-w
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Weize Wang & Ling Liang & Zonglin Dai & Peng Zuo & Shang Yu & Yishuo Lu & Dian Ding & Hongyi Chen & Hui Shan & Yan Jin & Youdong Mao & Yuxin Yin, 2024. "A conserved N-terminal motif of CUL3 contributes to assembly and E3 ligase activity of CRL3KLHL22," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Jiahui Liu & Xiaoyun Wu & Yue Fang & Ye Liu & Esther Oreofe Bello & Yong Li & Ruyi Xiong & Yinzi Li & Zheng Qing Fu & Aiming Wang & Xiaofei Cheng, 2023. "A plant RNA virus inhibits NPR1 sumoylation and subverts NPR1-mediated plant immunity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Nandni Goyal & Monika Bhuria & Deepika Verma & Naina Garewal & Kashmir Singh, 2023. "Genome-Wide Identification of BTB Domain-Containing Gene Family in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.)," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-19, January.
    4. Zhengying Luo & Xin Hu & Zhuandi Wu & Xinlong Liu & Caiwen Wu & Qianchun Zeng, 2022. "Identification and Expression Profiling of TGA Transcription Factor Genes in Sugarcane Reveals the Roles in Response to Sporisorium scitamineum Infection," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Hehong Zhang & Fengmin Wang & Weiqi Song & Zihang Yang & Lulu Li & Qiang Ma & Xiaoxiang Tan & Zhongyan Wei & Yanjun Li & Junmin Li & Fei Yan & Jianping Chen & Zongtao Sun, 2023. "Different viral effectors suppress hormone-mediated antiviral immunity of rice coordinated by OsNPR1," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
    6. Kai Qiao & Weiyi Huang & Xuemei Li & Jiahui Liang & Hong Cai, 2023. "Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Defense Mechanisms against Phytoplasma Infection in Camptotheca acuminata Decne," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, October.

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