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Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection

Author

Listed:
  • Zijun Wang

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Frauke Muecksch

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Dennis Schaefer-Babajew

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Shlomo Finkin

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Charlotte Viant

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Christian Gaebler

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Hans- Heinrich Hoffmann

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Christopher O. Barnes

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Melissa Cipolla

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Victor Ramos

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Thiago Y. Oliveira

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Alice Cho

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Fabian Schmidt

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Justin Silva

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Eva Bednarski

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Lauren Aguado

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Jim Yee

    (Weill Cornell Medicine)

  • Mridushi Daga

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Martina Turroja

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Katrina G. Millard

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Mila Jankovic

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Anna Gazumyan

    (The Rockefeller University
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Zhen Zhao

    (Weill Cornell Medicine)

  • Charles M. Rice

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Paul D. Bieniasz

    (The Rockefeller University
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Marina Caskey

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Theodora Hatziioannou

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Michel C. Nussenzweig

    (The Rockefeller University
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

Abstract

More than one year after its inception, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains difficult to control despite the availability of several working vaccines. Progress in controlling the pandemic is slowed by the emergence of variants that appear to be more transmissible and more resistant to antibodies1,2. Here we report on a cohort of 63 individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 assessed at 1.3, 6.2 and 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 41% of whom also received mRNA vaccines3,4. In the absence of vaccination, antibody reactivity to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing activity and the number of RBD-specific memory B cells remain relatively stable between 6 and 12 months after infection. Vaccination increases all components of the humoral response and, as expected, results in serum neutralizing activities against variants of concern similar to or greater than the neutralizing activity against the original Wuhan Hu-1 strain achieved by vaccination of naive individuals2,5–8. The mechanism underlying these broad-based responses involves ongoing antibody somatic mutation, memory B cell clonal turnover and development of monoclonal antibodies that are exceptionally resistant to SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations, including those found in the variants of concern4,9. In addition, B cell clones expressing broad and potent antibodies are selectively retained in the repertoire over time and expand markedly after vaccination. The data suggest that immunity in convalescent individuals will be very long lasting and that convalescent individuals who receive available mRNA vaccines will produce antibodies and memory B cells that should be protective against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Suggested Citation

  • Zijun Wang & Frauke Muecksch & Dennis Schaefer-Babajew & Shlomo Finkin & Charlotte Viant & Christian Gaebler & Hans- Heinrich Hoffmann & Christopher O. Barnes & Melissa Cipolla & Victor Ramos & Thiago, 2021. "Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection," Nature, Nature, vol. 595(7867), pages 426-431, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:595:y:2021:i:7867:d:10.1038_s41586-021-03696-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03696-9
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    Cited by:

    1. Eva-Maria Jacobsen & Dorit Fabricius & Magdalena Class & Fernando Topfstedt & Raquel Lorenzetti & Iga Janowska & Franziska Schmidt & Julian Staniek & Maria Zernickel & Thomas Stamminger & Andrea N. Di, 2022. "High antibody levels and reduced cellular response in children up to one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Mark Chernyshev & Mrunal Sakharkar & Ruth I. Connor & Haley L. Dugan & Daniel J. Sheward & C. G. Rappazzo & Aron Stålmarck & Mattias N. E. Forsell & Peter F. Wright & Martin Corcoran & Ben Murrell & L, 2023. "Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals expands a broad range of clonally diverse affinity-matured B cell lineages," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Leander Witte & Viren A. Baharani & Fabian Schmidt & Zijun Wang & Alice Cho & Raphael Raspe & Camila Guzman-Cardozo & Frauke Muecksch & Marie Canis & Debby J. Park & Christian Gaebler & Marina Caskey , 2023. "Epistasis lowers the genetic barrier to SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody escape," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Emanuele Andreano & Ida Paciello & Giulio Pierleoni & Giulia Piccini & Valentina Abbiento & Giada Antonelli & Piero Pileri & Noemi Manganaro & Elisa Pantano & Giuseppe Maccari & Silvia Marchese & Lore, 2023. "B cell analyses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA third vaccination reveals a hybrid immunity like antibody response," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Haisheng Yu & Banghui Liu & Yudi Zhang & Xijie Gao & Qian Wang & Haitao Xiang & Xiaofang Peng & Caixia Xie & Yaping Wang & Peiyu Hu & Jingrong Shi & Quan Shi & Pingqian Zheng & Chengqian Feng & Guofan, 2023. "Somatically hypermutated antibodies isolated from SARS-CoV-2 Delta infected patients cross-neutralize heterologous variants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    6. Andrew P. Hederman & Harini Natarajan & Leo Heyndrickx & Kevin K. Ariën & Joshua A. Wiener & Peter F. Wright & Evan M. Bloch & Aaron A. R. Tobian & Andrew D. Redd & Joel N. Blankson & Amihai Rottenstr, 2023. "SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits broad and potent antibody effector functions to variants of concern in vulnerable populations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    7. Kevin J. Kramer & Erin M. Wilfong & Kelsey Voss & Sierra M. Barone & Andrea R. Shiakolas & Nagarajan Raju & Caroline E. Roe & Naveenchandra Suryadevara & Lauren M. Walker & Steven C. Wall & Ariana Pau, 2022. "Single-cell profiling of the antigen-specific response to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccine," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.
    8. Yubin Liu & Ziyi Wang & Xinyu Zhuang & Shengnan Zhang & Zhicheng Chen & Yan Zou & Jie Sheng & Tianpeng Li & Wanbo Tai & Jinfang Yu & Yanqun Wang & Zhaoyong Zhang & Yunfeng Chen & Liangqin Tong & Xi Yu, 2023. "Inactivated vaccine-elicited potent antibodies can broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
    9. Emanuele Andreano & Ida Paciello & Silvia Marchese & Lorena Donnici & Giulio Pierleoni & Giulia Piccini & Noemi Manganaro & Elisa Pantano & Valentina Abbiento & Piero Pileri & Linda Benincasa & Ginevr, 2022. "Anatomy of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 mRNA vaccinees," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    10. Dominik Menges & Kyra D. Zens & Tala Ballouz & Nicole Caduff & Daniel Llanas-Cornejo & Hélène E. Aschmann & Anja Domenghino & Céline Pellaton & Matthieu Perreau & Craig Fenwick & Giuseppe Pantaleo & C, 2022. "Heterogenous humoral and cellular immune responses with distinct trajectories post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in a population-based cohort," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.

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