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Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans

Author

Listed:
  • Iosif Lazaridis

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Nick Patterson

    (Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Alissa Mittnik

    (Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen)

  • Gabriel Renaud

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology)

  • Swapan Mallick

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Karola Kirsanow

    (Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.)

  • Peter H. Sudmant

    (University of Washington)

  • Joshua G. Schraiber

    (University of Washington
    University of California)

  • Sergi Castellano

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology)

  • Mark Lipson

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Bonnie Berger

    (Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Christos Economou

    (Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18, Sweden.)

  • Ruth Bollongino

    (Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.)

  • Qiaomei Fu

    (Harvard Medical School
    Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
    Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049, China.)

  • Kirsten I. Bos

    (Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen)

  • Susanne Nordenfelt

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Heng Li

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Cesare de Filippo

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology)

  • Kay Prüfer

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology)

  • Susanna Sawyer

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology)

  • Cosimo Posth

    (Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen)

  • Wolfgang Haak

    (Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide)

  • Fredrik Hallgren

    (The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden.)

  • Elin Fornander

    (The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden.)

  • Nadin Rohland

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Dominique Delsate

    (National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg.
    National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345, Luxembourg.)

  • Michael Francken

    (Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen D-72070, Germany.)

  • Jean-Michel Guinet

    (National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg.)

  • Joachim Wahl

    (State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz D-78467, Germany.)

  • George Ayodo

    (Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu 40100, Kenya.)

  • Hamza A. Babiker

    (Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
    Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat 123, Oman.)

  • Graciela Bailliet

    (Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET & CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina.)

  • Elena Balanovska

    (Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia.)

  • Oleg Balanovsky

    (Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia.
    Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow 119991, Russia.)

  • Ramiro Barrantes

    (Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 2060, Costa Rica.)

  • Gabriel Bedoya

    (Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia)

  • Haim Ben-Ami

    (Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096, Israel.)

  • Judit Bene

    (University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.)

  • Fouad Berrada

    (Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane 53000, Morocco.)

  • Claudio M. Bravi

    (Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET & CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina.)

  • Francesca Brisighelli

    (Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.)

  • George B. J. Busby

    (University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
    Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.)

  • Francesco Cali

    (Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina 94018, Italy.)

  • Mikhail Churnosov

    (Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015, Russia.)

  • David E. C. Cole

    (University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L5, Canada.)

  • Daniel Corach

    (Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA, Argentina.)

  • Larissa Damba

    (Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.)

  • George van Driem

    (Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland.)

  • Stanislav Dryomov

    (Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.)

  • Jean-Michel Dugoujon

    (Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse 31000, France.)

  • Sardana A. Fedorova

    (North-Eastern Federal University and Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk 677013, Russia.)

  • Irene Gallego Romero

    (University of Chicago)

  • Marina Gubina

    (Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.)

  • Michael Hammer

    (University of Arizona)

  • Brenna M. Henn

    (Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.)

  • Tor Hervig

    (University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway.)

  • Ugur Hodoglugil

    (NextBio, Illumina, Santa Clara, California 95050, USA.)

  • Aashish R. Jha

    (University of Chicago)

  • Sena Karachanak-Yankova

    (National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.)

  • Rita Khusainova

    (Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia.
    Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia.)

  • Elza Khusnutdinova

    (Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia.
    Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia.)

  • Rick Kittles

    (College of Medicine, University of Arizona)

  • Toomas Kivisild

    (University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK.)

  • William Klitz

    (University of California)

  • Vaidutis Kučinskas

    (Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.)

  • Alena Kushniarevich

    (Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.)

  • Leila Laredj

    (Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France.)

  • Sergey Litvinov

    (Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia.
    Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia.
    Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.)

  • Theologos Loukidis

    (Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
    Present addresses: Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.).)

  • Robert W. Mahley

    (Gladstone Institutes)

  • Béla Melegh

    (University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.)

  • Ene Metspalu

    (University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.)

  • Julio Molina

    (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.)

  • Joanna Mountain

    (23andMe, Mountain View, California 94043, USA.)

  • Klemetti Näkkäläjärvi

    (Cultural Anthropology Program, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland.)

  • Desislava Nesheva

    (National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.)

  • Thomas Nyambo

    (Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam 65001, Tanzania.)

  • Ludmila Osipova

    (Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.)

  • Jüri Parik

    (University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.)

  • Fedor Platonov

    (Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677000, Russia.)

  • Olga Posukh

    (Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.)

  • Valentino Romano

    (Università di Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy.)

  • Francisco Rothhammer

    (Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.
    Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
    Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica 1000000, Chile.)

  • Igor Rudan

    (Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.)

  • Ruslan Ruizbakiev

    (Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent 70000, Uzbekistan.)

  • Hovhannes Sahakyan

    (Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.
    Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.)

  • Antti Sajantila

    (Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
    Institute of Applied Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center)

  • Antonio Salas

    (Unidade de Xenética, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia 15872, Spain.)

  • Elena B. Starikovskaya

    (Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.)

  • Ayele Tarekegn

    (Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN, UK.)

  • Draga Toncheva

    (National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.)

  • Shahlo Turdikulova

    (Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan.)

  • Ingrida Uktveryte

    (Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.)

  • Olga Utevska

    (V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine.)

  • René Vasquez

    (Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia.
    UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías)

  • Mercedes Villena

    (Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia.
    UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías)

  • Mikhail Voevoda

    (Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
    Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia.
    Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.)

  • Cheryl A. Winkler

    (Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, NIH, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.)

  • Levon Yepiskoposyan

    (Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.)

  • Pierre Zalloua

    (Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut 13-5053, Lebanon.
    Harvard School of Public Health)

  • Tatijana Zemunik

    (University of Split, School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia.)

  • Alan Cooper

    (Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide)

  • Cristian Capelli

    (University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)

  • Mark G. Thomas

    (Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.)

  • Andres Ruiz-Linares

    (Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.)

  • Sarah A. Tishkoff

    (University of Pennsylvania)

  • Lalji Singh

    (CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
    Present addresses: Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.).)

  • Kumarasamy Thangaraj

    (CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.)

  • Richard Villems

    (Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.
    University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
    Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn 10130, Estonia.)

  • David Comas

    (Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain.)

  • Rem Sukernik

    (Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.)

  • Mait Metspalu

    (Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.)

  • Matthias Meyer

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology)

  • Evan E. Eichler

    (University of Washington
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington)

  • Joachim Burger

    (Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.)

  • Montgomery Slatkin

    (University of California)

  • Svante Pääbo

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology)

  • Janet Kelso

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology)

  • David Reich

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School)

  • Johannes Krause

    (Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen
    Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.
    Max Planck Institut für Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften, Jena 07745, Germany.)

Abstract

A sequencing study comparing ancient and contemporary genomes reveals that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, ancient north Eurasians (related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians) and early European farmers of mainly Near Eastern origin.

Suggested Citation

  • Iosif Lazaridis & Nick Patterson & Alissa Mittnik & Gabriel Renaud & Swapan Mallick & Karola Kirsanow & Peter H. Sudmant & Joshua G. Schraiber & Sergi Castellano & Mark Lipson & Bonnie Berger & Christ, 2014. "Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans," Nature, Nature, vol. 513(7518), pages 409-413, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:513:y:2014:i:7518:d:10.1038_nature13673
    DOI: 10.1038/nature13673
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    Cited by:

    1. Sam Tallman & Maria das Dores Sungo & Sílvio Saranga & Sandra Beleza, 2023. "Whole genomes from Angola and Mozambique inform about the origins and dispersals of major African migrations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Mateus H. Gouveia & Amy R. Bentley & Thiago P. Leal & Eduardo Tarazona-Santos & Carlos D. Bustamante & Adebowale A. Adeyemo & Charles N. Rotimi & Daniel Shriner, 2023. "Unappreciated subcontinental admixture in Europeans and European Americans and implications for genetic epidemiology studies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Kai Yuan & Xumin Ni & Chang Liu & Yuwen Pan & Lian Deng & Rui Zhang & Yang Gao & Xueling Ge & Jiaojiao Liu & Xixian Ma & Haiyi Lou & Taoyang Wu & Shuhua Xu, 2021. "Refining models of archaic admixture in Eurasia with ArchaicSeeker 2.0," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Bárbara Sousa da Mota & Simone Rubinacci & Diana Ivette Cruz Dávalos & Carlos Eduardo G. Amorim & Martin Sikora & Niels N. Johannsen & Marzena H. Szmyt & Piotr Włodarczak & Anita Szczepanek & Marcin M, 2023. "Imputation of ancient human genomes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
    5. Selina Carlhoff & Wibhu Kutanan & Adam B. Rohrlach & Cosimo Posth & Mark Stoneking & Kathrin Nägele & Rasmi Shoocongdej & Johannes Krause, 2023. "Genomic portrait and relatedness patterns of the Iron Age Log Coffin culture in northwestern Thailand," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    6. Kendra A. Sirak & Daniel M. Fernandes & Mark Lipson & Swapan Mallick & Matthew Mah & Iñigo Olalde & Harald Ringbauer & Nadin Rohland & Carla S. Hadden & Éadaoin Harney & Nicole Adamski & Rebecca Berna, 2021. "Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
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    8. Chi-Chun Liu & David Witonsky & Anna Gosling & Ju Hyeon Lee & Harald Ringbauer & Richard Hagan & Nisha Patel & Raphaela Stahl & John Novembre & Mark Aldenderfer & Christina Warinner & Anna Di Rienzo &, 2022. "Ancient genomes from the Himalayas illuminate the genetic history of Tibetans and their Tibeto-Burman speaking neighbors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    9. Maciej Chyleński & Przemysław Makarowicz & Anna Juras & Maja Krzewińska & Łukasz Pospieszny & Edvard Ehler & Agnieszka Breszka & Jacek Górski & Halina Taras & Anita Szczepanek & Marta Polańska & Piotr, 2023. "Patrilocality and hunter-gatherer-related ancestry of populations in East-Central Europe during the Middle Bronze Age," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    10. Rozaimi Mohamad Razali & Juan Rodriguez-Flores & Mohammadmersad Ghorbani & Haroon Naeem & Waleed Aamer & Elbay Aliyev & Ali Jubran & Andrew G. Clark & Khalid A. Fakhro & Younes Mokrab, 2021. "Thousands of Qatari genomes inform human migration history and improve imputation of Arab haplotypes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, December.

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