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Tuning the solvation structure with salts for stable sodium-metal batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Jiarui He

    (The University of Texas at Austin)

  • Amruth Bhargav

    (The University of Texas at Austin)

  • Laisuo Su

    (The University of Texas at Austin)

  • Julia Lamb

    (The University of Texas at Austin)

  • John Okasinski

    (Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Woochul Shin

    (The University of Texas at Austin)

  • Arumugam Manthiram

    (The University of Texas at Austin)

Abstract

Sodium-metal batteries are an appealing, sustainable, low-cost alternative to lithium metal batteries due to the high abundance and theoretical specific capacity (1,165 mA h g−1) of sodium. However, the poor compatibility of the electrolyte with the cathode and anode leads to unstable electrode–electrolyte interphases. Here we introduce the concept of using a salt as a diluent, which enables the use of a single non-flammable solvent, such as trimethyl phosphate. By using sodium nitrate (NaNO3) salt as a model diluent, we report a 1.1 M NaFSI–NaNO3–trimethyl phosphate electrolyte that forms a stable interface with sodium-metal anode. In addition, the formation of robust cathode–electrolyte interphases on Na(Ni0.3Fe0.4Mn0.3)O2 cathode facilitates smooth phase transitions, thus leading to stable cycle life with a capacity retention of 80% over 500 cycles at C/5 rate in Na||Na(Ni0.3Fe0.4Mn0.3)O2 cells. The work demonstrates a promising approach towards the development of safe, low-cost, sustainable high-performance sodium-metal batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiarui He & Amruth Bhargav & Laisuo Su & Julia Lamb & John Okasinski & Woochul Shin & Arumugam Manthiram, 2024. "Tuning the solvation structure with salts for stable sodium-metal batteries," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 9(4), pages 446-456, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:9:y:2024:i:4:d:10.1038_s41560-024-01469-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01469-y
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