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Real-time atomistic observation of structural phase transformations in individual hafnia nanorods

Author

Listed:
  • Bethany M. Hudak

    (University of Kentucky)

  • Sean W. Depner

    (University at Buffalo, The State University of New York)

  • Gregory R. Waetzig

    (Texas A&M University
    Texas A&M University)

  • Anjana Talapatra

    (Texas A&M University)

  • Raymundo Arroyave

    (Texas A&M University)

  • Sarbajit Banerjee

    (Texas A&M University
    Texas A&M University)

  • Beth S. Guiton

    (University of Kentucky
    Oak Ridge National Laboratory)

Abstract

High-temperature phases of hafnium dioxide have exceptionally high dielectric constants and large bandgaps, but quenching them to room temperature remains a challenge. Scaling the bulk form to nanocrystals, while successful in stabilizing the tetragonal phase of isomorphous ZrO2, has produced nanorods with a twinned version of the room temperature monoclinic phase in HfO2. Here we use in situ heating in a scanning transmission electron microscope to observe the transformation of an HfO2 nanorod from monoclinic to tetragonal, with a transformation temperature suppressed by over 1000°C from bulk. When the nanorod is annealed, we observe with atomic-scale resolution the transformation from twinned-monoclinic to tetragonal, starting at a twin boundary and propagating via coherent transformation dislocation; the nanorod is reduced to hafnium on cooling. Unlike the bulk displacive transition, nanoscale size-confinement enables us to manipulate the transformation mechanism, and we observe discrete nucleation events and sigmoidal nucleation and growth kinetics.

Suggested Citation

  • Bethany M. Hudak & Sean W. Depner & Gregory R. Waetzig & Anjana Talapatra & Raymundo Arroyave & Sarbajit Banerjee & Beth S. Guiton, 2017. "Real-time atomistic observation of structural phase transformations in individual hafnia nanorods," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-9, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:8:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms15316
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15316
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    Cited by:

    1. Ying Zhang & Ge-Qi Mao & Xiaolong Zhao & Yu Li & Meiyun Zhang & Zuheng Wu & Wei Wu & Huajun Sun & Yizhong Guo & Lihua Wang & Xumeng Zhang & Qi Liu & Hangbing Lv & Kan-Hao Xue & Guangwei Xu & Xiangshui, 2021. "Evolution of the conductive filament system in HfO2-based memristors observed by direct atomic-scale imaging," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.

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