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Liquid exfoliation of solvent-stabilized few-layer black phosphorus for applications beyond electronics

Author

Listed:
  • Damien Hanlon

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Claudia Backes

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Evie Doherty

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin
    School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Clotilde S. Cucinotta

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Nina C. Berner

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Conor Boland

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Kangho Lee

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Andrew Harvey

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Peter Lynch

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Zahra Gholamvand

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Saifeng Zhang

    (Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Kangpeng Wang

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin
    Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Glenn Moynihan

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Anuj Pokle

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin
    School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Quentin M. Ramasse

    (SuperSTEM Laboratory)

  • Niall McEvoy

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Werner J. Blau

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Jun Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Gonzalo Abellan

    (Chair of Organic Chemistry II and Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU))

  • Frank Hauke

    (Chair of Organic Chemistry II and Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU))

  • Andreas Hirsch

    (Chair of Organic Chemistry II and Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU))

  • Stefano Sanvito

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin)

  • David D. O’Regan

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Georg S. Duesberg

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Valeria Nicolosi

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin
    School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Jonathan N. Coleman

    (School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
    CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin)

Abstract

Few-layer black phosphorus (BP) is a new two-dimensional material which is of great interest for applications, mainly in electronics. However, its lack of environmental stability severely limits its synthesis and processing. Here we demonstrate that high-quality, few-layer BP nanosheets, with controllable size and observable photoluminescence, can be produced in large quantities by liquid phase exfoliation under ambient conditions in solvents such as N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone (CHP). Nanosheets are surprisingly stable in CHP, probably due to the solvation shell protecting the nanosheets from reacting with water or oxygen. Experiments, supported by simulations, show reactions to occur only at the nanosheet edge, with the rate and extent of the reaction dependent on the water/oxygen content. We demonstrate that liquid-exfoliated BP nanosheets are potentially useful in a range of applications from ultrafast saturable absorbers to gas sensors to fillers for composite reinforcement.

Suggested Citation

  • Damien Hanlon & Claudia Backes & Evie Doherty & Clotilde S. Cucinotta & Nina C. Berner & Conor Boland & Kangho Lee & Andrew Harvey & Peter Lynch & Zahra Gholamvand & Saifeng Zhang & Kangpeng Wang & Gl, 2015. "Liquid exfoliation of solvent-stabilized few-layer black phosphorus for applications beyond electronics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-11, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:6:y:2015:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms9563
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9563
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    Cited by:

    1. Yan Wang & Yue Gong & Shenming Huang & Xuechao Xing & Ziyu Lv & Junjie Wang & Jia-Qin Yang & Guohua Zhang & Ye Zhou & Su-Ting Han, 2021. "Memristor-based biomimetic compound eye for real-time collision detection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.

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