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Subwavelength-thick lenses with high numerical apertures and large efficiency based on high-contrast transmitarrays

Author

Listed:
  • Amir Arbabi

    (T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology)

  • Yu Horie

    (T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology)

  • Alexander J. Ball

    (T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology)

  • Mahmood Bagheri

    (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology)

  • Andrei Faraon

    (T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Flat optical devices thinner than a wavelength promise to replace conventional free-space components for wavefront and polarization control. Transmissive flat lenses are particularly interesting for applications in imaging and on-chip optoelectronic integration. Several designs based on plasmonic metasurfaces, high-contrast transmitarrays and gratings have been recently implemented but have not provided a performance comparable to conventional curved lenses. Here we report polarization-insensitive, micron-thick, high-contrast transmitarray micro-lenses with focal spots as small as 0.57 λ. The measured focusing efficiency is up to 82%. A rigorous method for ultrathin lens design, and the trade-off between high efficiency and small spot size (or large numerical aperture) are discussed. The micro-lenses, composed of silicon nano-posts on glass, are fabricated in one lithographic step that could be performed with high-throughput photo or nanoimprint lithography, thus enabling widespread adoption.

Suggested Citation

  • Amir Arbabi & Yu Horie & Alexander J. Ball & Mahmood Bagheri & Andrei Faraon, 2015. "Subwavelength-thick lenses with high numerical apertures and large efficiency based on high-contrast transmitarrays," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-6, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:6:y:2015:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms8069
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8069
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    Cited by:

    1. Sajjad Abdollahramezani & Omid Hemmatyar & Mohammad Taghinejad & Hossein Taghinejad & Alex Krasnok & Ali A. Eftekhar & Christian Teichrib & Sanchit Deshmukh & Mostafa A. El-Sayed & Eric Pop & Matthias, 2022. "Electrically driven reprogrammable phase-change metasurface reaching 80% efficiency," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Claudio U. Hail & Morgan Foley & Ruzan Sokhoyan & Lior Michaeli & Harry A. Atwater, 2023. "High quality factor metasurfaces for two-dimensional wavefront manipulation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Ruixuan Zheng & Ruhao Pan & Guangzhou Geng & Qiang Jiang & Shuo Du & Lingling Huang & Changzhi Gu & Junjie Li, 2022. "Active multiband varifocal metalenses based on orbital angular momentum division multiplexing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. Dongwoo Lee & Beomseok Oh & Jeonghoon Park & Seong-Won Moon & Kilsoo Shin & Sea-Moon Kim & Junsuk Rho, 2024. "Wide field-of-hearing metalens for aberration-free sound capture," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Wei, PengCheng & He, Fangcheng, 2019. "Research on security trust measure model based on fuzzy mathematics," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 139-143.
    6. Minkyung Kim & Dasol Lee & Younghwan Yang & Yeseul Kim & Junsuk Rho, 2022. "Reaching the highest efficiency of spin Hall effect of light in the near-infrared using all-dielectric metasurfaces," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    7. Luocheng Huang & Zheyi Han & Anna Wirth-Singh & Vishwanath Saragadam & Saswata Mukherjee & Johannes E. Fröch & Quentin A. A. Tanguy & Joshua Rollag & Ricky Gibson & Joshua R. Hendrickson & Philip W. C, 2024. "Broadband thermal imaging using meta-optics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.

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