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Improving battery safety by early detection of internal shorting with a bifunctional separator

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  • Hui Wu

    (Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University)

  • Denys Zhuo

    (Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA)

  • Desheng Kong

    (Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA)

  • Yi Cui

    (Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)

Abstract

Lithium-based rechargeable batteries have been widely used in portable electronics and show great promise for emerging applications in transportation and wind–solar-grid energy storage, although their safety remains a practical concern. Failures in the form of fire and explosion can be initiated by internal short circuits associated with lithium dendrite formation during cycling. Here we report a new strategy for improving safety by designing a smart battery that allows internal battery health to be monitored in situ. Specifically, we achieve early detection of lithium dendrites inside batteries through a bifunctional separator, which offers a third sensing terminal in addition to the cathode and anode. The sensing terminal provides unique signals in the form of a pronounced voltage change, indicating imminent penetration of dendrites through the separator. This detection mechanism is highly sensitive, accurate and activated well in advance of shorting and can be applied to many types of batteries for improved safety.

Suggested Citation

  • Hui Wu & Denys Zhuo & Desheng Kong & Yi Cui, 2014. "Improving battery safety by early detection of internal shorting with a bifunctional separator," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-6, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:5:y:2014:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms6193
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6193
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    Cited by:

    1. Aleksandra Fortier & Max Tsao & Nick D. Williard & Yinjiao Xing & Michael G. Pecht, 2017. "Preliminary Study on Integration of Fiber Optic Bragg Grating Sensors in Li-Ion Batteries and In Situ Strain and Temperature Monitoring of Battery Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-11, June.
    2. Zhi Chang & Huijun Yang & Anqiang Pan & Ping He & Haoshen Zhou, 2022. "An improved 9 micron thick separator for a 350 Wh/kg lithium metal rechargeable pouch cell," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Jingzhao Zhang & Yanan Wang & Benben Jiang & Haowei He & Shaobo Huang & Chen Wang & Yang Zhang & Xuebing Han & Dongxu Guo & Guannan He & Minggao Ouyang, 2023. "Realistic fault detection of li-ion battery via dynamical deep learning," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.

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