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Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination

Author

Listed:
  • Elena Mitsi

    (University of Oxford
    Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Mariana O. Diniz

    (UCL)

  • Jesús Reiné

    (University of Oxford
    Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Andrea M. Collins

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Ryan E. Robinson

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Angela Hyder-Wright

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Madlen Farrar

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Konstantinos Liatsikos

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Josh Hamilton

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Onyia Onyema

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Britta C. Urban

    (University of Oxford
    Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Carla Solórzano

    (University of Oxford
    Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer

    (University of Oxford)

  • Emma Sheehan

    (University of Oxford)

  • Teresa Lambe

    (University of Oxford
    University of Oxford)

  • Simon J. Draper

    (University of Oxford)

  • Daniela Weiskopf

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI))

  • Alessandro Sette

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI)
    University of California, San Diego)

  • Mala K. Maini

    (UCL)

  • Daniela M. Ferreira

    (University of Oxford
    Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

Abstract

Respiratory mucosal immunity induced by vaccination is vital for protection from coronavirus infection in animal models. In humans, the capacity of peripheral vaccination to generate sustained immunity in the lung mucosa, and how this is influenced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, is unknown. Here we show using bronchoalveolar lavage samples that donors with history of both infection and vaccination have more airway mucosal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and memory B cells than those only vaccinated. Infection also induces populations of airway spike-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that are not expanded by vaccination alone. Airway mucosal T cells induced by infection have a distinct hierarchy of antigen specificity compared to the periphery. Spike-specific T cells persist in the lung mucosa for 7 months after the last immunising event. Thus, peripheral vaccination alone does not appear to induce durable lung mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2, supporting an argument for the need for vaccines targeting the airways.

Suggested Citation

  • Elena Mitsi & Mariana O. Diniz & Jesús Reiné & Andrea M. Collins & Ryan E. Robinson & Angela Hyder-Wright & Madlen Farrar & Konstantinos Liatsikos & Josh Hamilton & Onyia Onyema & Britta C. Urban & Ca, 2023. "Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-42433-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42433-w
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    as
    1. Aloysious Ssemaganda & Huong Mai Nguyen & Faisal Nuhu & Naima Jahan & Catherine M. Card & Sandra Kiazyk & Giulia Severini & Yoav Keynan & Ruey-Chyi Su & Hezhao Ji & Bernard Abrenica & Paul J. McLaren , 2022. "Expansion of cytotoxic tissue-resident CD8+ T cells and CCR6+CD161+ CD4+ T cells in the nasal mucosa following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Dennis Lapuente & Jana Fuchs & Jonas Willar & Ana Vieira Antão & Valentina Eberlein & Nadja Uhlig & Leila Issmail & Anna Schmidt & Friederike Oltmanns & Antonia Sophia Peter & Sandra Mueller-Schmucker, 2021. "Protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after heterologous systemic prime-mucosal boost immunization," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Kaori Sano & Disha Bhavsar & Gagandeep Singh & Daniel Floda & Komal Srivastava & Charles Gleason & Juan Manuel Carreño & Viviana Simon & Florian Krammer, 2022. "SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces mucosal antibody responses in previously infected individuals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
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