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Demonstration of quantum-digital payments

Author

Listed:
  • Peter Schiansky

    (University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ))

  • Julia Kalb

    (University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ))

  • Esther Sztatecsny

    (University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ))

  • Marie-Christine Roehsner

    (University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ)
    AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH)

  • Tobias Guggemos

    (University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ))

  • Alessandro Trenti

    (University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ)
    AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH)

  • Mathieu Bozzio

    (University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ))

  • Philip Walther

    (University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ)
    University of Vienna)

Abstract

Digital payments have replaced physical banknotes in many aspects of our daily lives. Similarly to banknotes, they should be easy to use, unique, tamper-resistant and untraceable, but additionally withstand digital attackers and data breaches. Current technology substitutes customers’ sensitive data by randomized tokens, and secures the payment’s uniqueness with a cryptographic function, called a cryptogram. However, computationally powerful attacks violate the security of these functions. Quantum technology comes with the potential to protect even against infinite computational power. Here, we show how quantum light can secure daily digital payments by generating inherently unforgeable quantum cryptograms. We implement the scheme over an urban optical fiber link, and show its robustness to noise and loss-dependent attacks. Unlike previously proposed protocols, our solution does not depend on long-term quantum storage or trusted agents and authenticated channels. It is practical with near-term technology and may herald an era of quantum-enabled security.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Schiansky & Julia Kalb & Esther Sztatecsny & Marie-Christine Roehsner & Tobias Guggemos & Alessandro Trenti & Mathieu Bozzio & Philip Walther, 2023. "Demonstration of quantum-digital payments," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-39519-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39519-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wei Zhang & Tim Leent & Kai Redeker & Robert Garthoff & René Schwonnek & Florian Fertig & Sebastian Eppelt & Wenjamin Rosenfeld & Valerio Scarani & Charles C.-W. Lim & Harald Weinfurter, 2022. "A device-independent quantum key distribution system for distant users," Nature, Nature, vol. 607(7920), pages 687-691, July.
    2. Yu Ma & You-Zhi Ma & Zong-Quan Zhou & Chuan-Feng Li & Guang-Can Guo, 2021. "One-hour coherent optical storage in an atomic frequency comb memory," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-6, December.
    3. Pierre Vernaz-Gris & Kun Huang & Mingtao Cao & Alexandra S. Sheremet & Julien Laurat, 2018. "Highly-efficient quantum memory for polarization qubits in a spatially-multiplexed cold atomic ensemble," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-6, December.
    4. Juan Yin & Yu-Huai Li & Sheng-Kai Liao & Meng Yang & Yuan Cao & Liang Zhang & Ji-Gang Ren & Wen-Qi Cai & Wei-Yue Liu & Shuang-Lin Li & Rong Shu & Yong-Mei Huang & Lei Deng & Li Li & Qiang Zhang & Nai-, 2020. "Entanglement-based secure quantum cryptography over 1,120 kilometres," Nature, Nature, vol. 582(7813), pages 501-505, June.
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