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Host control and the evolution of cooperation in host microbiomes

Author

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  • Connor Sharp

    (University of Oxford
    University of Oxford)

  • Kevin R. Foster

    (University of Oxford
    University of Oxford)

Abstract

Humans, and many other species, are host to diverse symbionts. It is often suggested that the mutual benefits of host-microbe relationships can alone explain cooperative evolution. Here, we evaluate this hypothesis with evolutionary modelling. Our model predicts that mutual benefits are insufficient to drive cooperation in systems like the human microbiome, because of competition between symbionts. However, cooperation can emerge if hosts can exert control over symbionts, so long as there are constraints that limit symbiont counter evolution. We test our model with genomic data of two bacterial traits monitored by animal immune systems. In both cases, bacteria have evolved as predicted under host control, tending to lose flagella and maintain butyrate production when host-associated. Moreover, an analysis of bacteria that retain flagella supports the evolution of host control, via toll-like receptor 5, which limits symbiont counter evolution. Our work puts host control mechanisms, including the immune system, at the centre of microbiome evolution.

Suggested Citation

  • Connor Sharp & Kevin R. Foster, 2022. "Host control and the evolution of cooperation in host microbiomes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30971-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30971-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Djahida Bouskra & Christophe Brézillon & Marion Bérard & Catherine Werts & Rosa Varona & Ivo Gomperts Boneca & Gérard Eberl, 2008. "Lymphoid tissue genesis induced by commensals through NOD1 regulates intestinal homeostasis," Nature, Nature, vol. 456(7221), pages 507-510, November.
    2. Kevin R. Foster & Jonas Schluter & Katharine Z. Coyte & Seth Rakoff-Nahoum, 2017. "The evolution of the host microbiome as an ecosystem on a leash," Nature, Nature, vol. 548(7665), pages 43-51, August.
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