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Toward a Typology of University Spin-Offs

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  • Pirnay, Fabrice
  • Surlemont, Bernard
  • Nlemvo, Frederic

Abstract

This paper discusses existing definitions of USOs in order to reconcile them and to provide criteria for classifying and understanding the different facets of this multi-headed concept. Drawing the boundaries of this concept and elucidating its variety through a typology are therefore the two main objectives of this paper. USOs are defined as new firms created to exploit commercially some knowledge, technology or research results developed within a university. The proposed typology is based on two key discriminatory factors, namely (1) the status of individuals involved in the new business venturing process (researchers or students) and (2) the nature of knowledge transferred from university to the new venture (codified or tacit), inducing the nature of the USO activities (product or service-oriented). Copyright 2003 by Kluwer Academic Publishers

Suggested Citation

  • Pirnay, Fabrice & Surlemont, Bernard & Nlemvo, Frederic, 2003. "Toward a Typology of University Spin-Offs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 355-369, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:sbusec:v:21:y:2003:i:4:p:355-69
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    Cited by:

    1. Aerts, Geoffrey & Cauwelier, Kathleen & Pape, Sam de & Jacobs, Sophie & Vanhondeghem, Seppe, 2022. "An inside-out perspective on stakeholder management in university technology transfer offices," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    2. Carlos Fong Reynoso & Moises Alejandro Alarcon Osuna, 2010. "Technology Based Firms Performance: Procurement Of Strategic Resources In Critical Junctures, Funcionamiento De Empresas De Base Tecnologica: Obtencion De Recursos Estrategicos En Las Junturas Critica," Revista Internacional Administracion & Finanzas, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 3(3), pages 39-54.
    3. Taheri, Mozhdeh & van Geenhuizen, Marina, 2019. "Knowledge relationships of university spin-off firms: Contrasting dynamics in global reach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 193-204.
    4. Wu, Jinxi & Ye, Ran (Michelle) & Ding, Ling & Lu, Chao & Euwema, Martin, 2018. "From “transplant with the soil” toward the establishment of the innovation ecosystem: A case study of a leading high-tech company in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 222-234.
    5. Marius Tuft Mathisen & Einar Rasmussen, 2019. "The development, growth, and performance of university spin-offs: a critical review," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 44(6), pages 1891-1938, December.
    6. Soetanto, Danny & van Geenhuizen, Marina, 2019. "Life after incubation: The impact of entrepreneurial universities on the long-term performance of their spin-offs," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 263-276.
    7. Dorner, Matthias & Fryges, Helmut & Schopen, Kathrin, 2017. "Wages in high-tech start-ups – Do academic spin-offs pay a wage premium?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 1-18.
    8. Riviezzo, Angelo & Santos, Susana C. & Liñán, Francisco & Napolitano, Maria Rosaria & Fusco, Floriana, 2019. "European universities seeking entrepreneurial paths: the moderating effect of contextual variables on the entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 232-248.
    9. Müller, Kathrin, 2010. "Academic spin-off's transfer speed--Analyzing the time from leaving university to venture," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 189-199, March.
    10. Kenney, Martin & Patton, Donald, 2011. "Does inventor ownership encourage university research-derived entrepreneurship? A six university comparison," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(8), pages 1100-1112, October.
    11. Carlos Fong Reynoso & Moisés Alejandro Alarcón Osuna & Luis Ernesto Ocampo Figueroa, 2014. "Micro, Small And Medium-Sized Businesses In Jalisco: Their Evolution, And Strategic Challenges," Review of Business and Finance Studies, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 5(2), pages 27-43.
    12. Landry, Rejean & Amara, Nabil & Rherrad, Imad, 2006. "Why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-offs than others? Evidence from Canadian universities," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 1599-1615, December.

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