The Agricultural Economic History And Their Modernization Process In Slovakia

The history of economics categories and laws related to agriculture in the countries of Europe was mainly conditioned by the existing political and social conditions. It was established when the development of the national economy achieved such a degree that agriculture provided the maximum profit for its owner or agricultural businessmen in the conditions of capitalist production on the principle of the neoclassical theory of the firm. The Marxist theory of economics by K. Marx and F. Engels provided the foundations for the socialist reconstruction of Slovak agriculture after the Second World War. At the level of macroeconomics, it provided a reason for the collectivisation of agriculture and the existence of state and cooperative state ownership of land. It was the basis for the methodology of calculating the price of production factors, prices of agricultural production, differential land rent, intensity of production, labour productivity and profitability of production. The transformation of the Slovak economy to market conditions after 1989 also impacted agriculture through the tools of market economics, the analysis of supply and demand and market balances. The 2012 Bioeconomy strategy EU aims to pave “the way to a more innovative, resource efficient and competitive society that reconciles food security with the sustainable use of renewable resources for industrial purposes, while ensuring environmental protection”.