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Convergencia en el crecimiento económico de las entidades federativas de México a partir del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte

Author

Listed:
  • Carrillo-Huerta, Mario M.

    (Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla)

  • Zárate-Mirón, Viviana E.

    (Universidad de las Américas)

Abstract

En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados de un estudio que analiza si la apertura comercial representada por la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN), ha ocasionado la convergencia en el crecimiento económico de las entidades federativas de México. Para contrastar la hipótesis del trabajo, se adoptan los tres enfoques del análisis de convergencia (absoluta, condicional, y sigma convergencia). Además, se emplea el análisis de la convergencia regional con el uso de la técnica econométrica espacial del correlograma de la I de Moran. Los resultados de la estimación de ß convergencia muestran que en el periodo 1994-2006 y en el subperiodo 2000-2006 en México se ha dado un proceso de convergencia en el crecimiento económico de las entidades federativas. En el caso de la estimación de convergencia regional con datos de panel mediante efectos fijos, los resultados sugieren la evidencia de convergencia condicional entre las entidades de la República Mexicana en el periodo analizado. En contraste, se encontró evidencia de que se mantiene la desigualdad en el país, por lo que al emplear el análisis de econometría espacial (I de Moran) se encontró que existe una diferencia entre el crecimiento de las entidades del norte y las del sur como resultado de la apertura comercial, y que la variable educación es de las que mayor impacto tienen en el proceso de convergencia interregional de México./ In this paper we show the results of a study that examines whether or not the openness associated with the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), translates into economic growth convergence among the states of Mexico. To test the hypothesis of the paper, we apply the three approaches to convergence analysis (absolute, conditional, and sigma convergence). We also apply the regional analysis of the convergence with the use of the spatial econometric technique known as the Moran Scatterplot (Moran’s I). The results of the ß convergence estimation shows that in both the period 1994-2006 and the subperiod 2000-2006 in Mexico, convergence occurs in the economic growth of Mexico’s states. Also, regional conditional convergence is suggested from the results obtained by applying fixed effects to panel data for the entire period considered. Nevertheless, there is evidence that inequality keeps rising in the country as a result of international openness, which is suggested by the results obtained by using the spatial econometric approach (Moran’s I), that shows unequal growth between Mexico’s northern and southern states. Finally, education was found to have a very important positive effect on regional convergence in Mexico.

Suggested Citation

  • Carrillo-Huerta, Mario M. & Zárate-Mirón, Viviana E., 2012. "Convergencia en el crecimiento económico de las entidades federativas de México a partir del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte," Panorama Económico, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, vol. 0(15), pages 39-75, segundo s.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipn:panora:v:viii:y:2012:i:15:p:39-75
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    crecimiento económico; convergencia regional; liberalización comercial; desigualdad de ingresos; datos de panel; econometría espacial./ economic growth; regional convergence; trade liberalization; income inequality; panel data; spatial econometrics.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C31 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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