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Análisis de componentes principales de la estructura a plazos de las tasas de interés en México

Author

Listed:
  • A. Martínez, Carlos

    (Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Estado de México.)

  • A. Núñez, José

    (Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Estado de México.)

Abstract

En esta investigación se describen los diferentes factores que se encuentran presentes en la estructura de plazos de las tasas de interés en México. Tomando como periodo de referencia de julio de 2002 a diciembre de 2009 y mediante un análisis de componentes principales aplicado a los cambios diarios de los cetes, encontramos que para analizar la dinámica de la curva de rendimiento, es posible simplificar el estudio a tan sólo dos factores que se hallan latentes en los datos: el nivel y la pendiente. El factor preponderante el cual explica un poco más del 68% de los cambios se halla asociado al nivel de la curva, y está determinado principalmente por la tasa de interés de menor plazo y por choques estructurales que desplazan paralelamente a la curva. Por su parte la pendiente que explica el 27.6%, usualmente se calcula como la diferencia entre el rendimiento de mayor plazo y el de menor vencimiento. Los cambios en la pendiente, implican que factores macroeconómicos, tales como el nivel de precios de la economía, la actividad económica y las tasas de interés a corto plazo (instrumentos con vencimientos menores a un año) están detrás de ese movimiento./ This investigation describes the different factors that are present in the term structure of interest rates in Mexico. The time period comprises from July 2002 to december 2009 and by principal component analysis applied to the daily changes of cetes, we find that for analyzing the dynamics of the yield curve, it is possible to simplify the study to only two factors that are present in the data, the level and the slope. The main factor that accounts for more than 68% of the variations is the level of the yield curve, which in turn is determined by the interest rate of short term and also by the structural shocks that follow a parallel displacement to that of the yield curve. On the other hand, the slope that accounts for 27.6% of the variations is usually calculated as the difference between the long term rate and that of short term rate. The slope changes imply that macroeconomic factors, such as the prices level of the economy, the economic activity and the short term interest rates (instruments with maturities of less than a year) are the groundwork for this variation.

Suggested Citation

  • A. Martínez, Carlos & A. Núñez, José, 2012. "Análisis de componentes principales de la estructura a plazos de las tasas de interés en México," eseconomía, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, vol. 0(33), pages 3-23, primer tr.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipn:esecon:v:vii:y:2012:i:33:p:3-23
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    componentes principales; nivel; pendiente/ principal component; level; slope.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
    • C65 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools

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