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Three Modes of Conflict

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  • Anatol Rapoport

    (Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Michigan)

Abstract

It is possible to distinguish three levels of conflict. One level can be exemplified by a "fight," i.e., a combat motivated only by mutual animosity or mutual fear. In a fight, the opponent is just a noxious stimulus. The actions of the combatants are dominated by an urge to destroy or to drive away this noxious stimulus. The~aggressive acts of each of the opponents stimulate aggressive counter acts of the other. This process, then, is mostly self-perpetuating and automatic. Such are the combats one finds in the sub-human world, combats between enemy species, between rivals for a mate, between competitors for food or living space.

Suggested Citation

  • Anatol Rapoport, 1961. "Three Modes of Conflict," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 7(3), pages 210-218, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:ormnsc:v:7:y:1961:i:3:p:210-218
    DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.7.3.210
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