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Path-Dependent Options: Extending the Monte Carlo Simulation Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Dwight Grant

    (Anderson Schools of Management, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1221)

  • Gautam Vora

    (Anderson Schools of Management, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1221)

  • David Weeks

    (Emanuel, MacBeth Associates, 3A-5450 San Mateo Boulevard, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87109)

Abstract

Monte Carlo simulation has been used to value options since Boyle's seminal paper. Monte Carlo simulation, however, has not been used to its fullest extent for option valuation because of the belief that the method is not feasible for American-style options. This paper demonstrates how to incorporate optimal early exercise in the Monte Carlo method of valuing options by linking forward-moving simulation and the backward-moving recursion of dynamic programming through an iterative search process. To demonstrate the potential of this method, we use it to value American-style options on the average price (or Asian options). The computational experience reveals a flexible valuation technique with potential for application to a range of securities and financial decision problems.

Suggested Citation

  • Dwight Grant & Gautam Vora & David Weeks, 1997. "Path-Dependent Options: Extending the Monte Carlo Simulation Approach," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 43(11), pages 1589-1602, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:ormnsc:v:43:y:1997:i:11:p:1589-1602
    DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.43.11.1589
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Zhongkai Liu & Tao Pang, 2016. "An efficient grid lattice algorithm for pricing American-style options," International Journal of Financial Markets and Derivatives, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 5(1), pages 36-55.
    2. Andreas Thomann, 2021. "Multi-asset scenario building for trend-following trading strategies," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 299(1), pages 293-315, April.
    3. Detemple, Jérôme & Laminou Abdou, Souleymane & Moraux, Franck, 2020. "American step options," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 282(1), pages 363-385.
    4. David Heath & Eckhard Platen, 2002. "A variance reduction technique based on integral representations," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(5), pages 362-369.
    5. Hatem Ben-Ameur & Michèle Breton & Pierre L'Ecuyer, 2002. "A Dynamic Programming Procedure for Pricing American-Style Asian Options," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(5), pages 625-643, May.
    6. Ravi Kashyap, 2022. "Options as Silver Bullets: Valuation of Term Loans, Inventory Management, Emissions Trading and Insurance Risk Mitigation using Option Theory," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 315(2), pages 1175-1215, August.
    7. Ammann, Manuel & Kind, Axel & Wilde, Christian, 2008. "Simulation-based pricing of convertible bonds," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 310-331, March.
    8. Christian Bayer & Ra'ul Tempone & Soren Wolfers, 2018. "Pricing American Options by Exercise Rate Optimization," Papers 1809.07300, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2019.
    9. Rongwen Wu & Michael C. Fu, 2003. "Optimal Exercise Policies and Simulation-Based Valuation for American-Asian Options," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 51(1), pages 52-66, February.
    10. Keng‐Hsin Lo & Kehluh Wang & Ming‐Feng Hsu, 2008. "Pricing European Asian options with skewness and kurtosis in the underlying distribution," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(6), pages 598-616, June.
    11. Jaroslava Hlouskova & Stephan Kossmeier & Michael Obersteiner & Alexander Schnabl, 2005. "Real options and the value of generation capacity in the German electricity market," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 14(3-4), pages 297-310.
    12. John Board & Charles Sutcliffe & William T. Ziemba, 2003. "Applying Operations Research Techniques to Financial Markets," Interfaces, INFORMS, vol. 33(2), pages 12-24, April.
    13. Ravi Kashyap, 2016. "Options as Silver Bullets: Valuation of Term Loans, Inventory Management, Emissions Trading and Insurance Risk Mitigation using Option Theory," Papers 1609.01274, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2022.
    14. Ingo Beyna, 2013. "Interest Rate Derivatives," Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Springer, edition 127, number 978-3-642-34925-6, October.
    15. Chueh-Yung Tsao & Chao-Ching Liu, 2012. "Asian Options with Credit Risks: Pricing and Sensitivity Analysis," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(S3), pages 96-115, September.
    16. Chung-Li Tseng & Graydon Barz, 2002. "Short-Term Generation Asset Valuation: A Real Options Approach," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 50(2), pages 297-310, April.

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