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Pension Regimes in Latin American Emerging Countries: Do and Can Individual Capitalization Schemes and PAYG Systems Coexist?

Author

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  • Ernesto Rezk

    (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas (Córdoba, Argentina))

Abstract

Experts have been pointing out that, although fully funded pension schemes implemented by several Latin American countries gathered political rejection and experienced important setbacks, they were resorted to in response to the problems faced in the eighties and the nineties by unfunded regimes. In this connection, the idea is that both individual capitalization and PAYG systems can and should coexist provided that efficacy in ensuring expected levels of coverage, equity and efficiency and in guaranteeing also long run financial sustainability be appropriately reached. Nevertheless, several preconditions appear necessary for the preceding scenario to be possible: coverage and tax compliance need to be expanded in both regimes particularly to include the self employed workers, individual capitalization needs be improved and turned more attractive by reducing administrative and commercial costs and by offering a more varied portfolio composition concerning instruments and risk levels. Finally, despite that competition between regimes, by permitting affiliates to switch from one to another, promotes efficiency, non contributory pensions will still be necessary, on grounds of distributional, solidarity and equity goals. / Diversos expertos señalaron que, aunque los esquemas jubilatorios de capitalización sufrieron rechazos políticos y experimentaron retrocesos y cambios en varios países latinoamericanos, la razón de su implementación se debió a los importantes problemas que se observaron en los ochenta y noventa con los sistemas jubilatorios basados en sistemas de reparto. En este sentido, existe la idea de que tanto la capitalización individual como los sistemas de reparto pueden y debieran coexistir siempre que se alcance eficacia en asegurar niveles esperados de cobertura, equidad y eficiencia y en garantizar también la sostenibilidad financiera de largo plazo. Sin embargo, el mencionado escenario hace necesario que se cumplan un conjunto de precondiciones: la cobertura y el cumplimiento tributario debe incrementarse en ambos sistemas incluyendo particularmente a los trabajadores independientes, la capitalización individual debe a su vez mejorarse y tornarse más atractiva vía la reducción de los costos administrativos y comerciales y la oferta de una composición más variada de las carteras tanto en instrumentos como en niveles de riesgo. Finalmente, no obstante que la competencia entre regímenes –al permitir que los afiliados circulen libremente de uno hacia el otro- promueve la eficiencia, los sistemas no contributivos de jubilación serán todavía necesarios, en términos de objetivos distribucionales, de solidaridad y equidad.

Suggested Citation

  • Ernesto Rezk, 2013. "Pension Regimes in Latin American Emerging Countries: Do and Can Individual Capitalization Schemes and PAYG Systems Coexist?," Revista de Economía y Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, vol. 51(1), pages 159-182, Diciembre.
  • Handle: RePEc:ief:reveye:v:51:y:2013:i:1:p:159-182
    DOI: 10.55444/2451.7321.2013.v51.n1.11879
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Individual Capitalization; PAYG; Non Contributory Regimes; Coverage; Tax Compliance; Financial Sustainability;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions

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