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Apertura Comercial y Distribución del Ingreso: Un Análisis de Panel para America Latina (1990-2016)

Author

Listed:
  • Ernesto R. Gantman

    (Universidad de Buenos Aires y Universidad de Belgrano (Argentina))

  • Marcelo P. Dabós

    (Universidad Nacional de La Matanza (Argentina))

Abstract

El presente trabajo analiza los determinantes de la distribución del ingreso en dieciocho países de América Latina durante el período 1990-2016. Nuestro principal interés es evaluar si la apertura comercial se asocia a un perfil más favorable de la distribución del ingreso. Los resultados de nuestro análisis de panel demuestran que efectivamente ocurre esto. Los mismos son robustos a enfoques metodológicos alternativos, a la inclusión de diversas variables de control como la inflación, el crecimiento económico anual, el PBI real per cápita, el nivel de calificaciones de la fuerza laboral y la tasa de cambio real efectiva, y particularmente a la utilización de dos indicadores distintos de la variable de interés: el coeficiente de apertura económica, que es la operacionalización más utilizada en la literatura, y el nivel promedio de tarifas. / This paper examines the determinants of income distribution in eighteen Latin American countries during the period 1990-2016. Our main goal is to assess if trade openness is associated with a better profile of income distribution. The results of our panel data analysis demonstrate that this is indeed the case. The effect of trade openness are robust to alternative econometric models, the inclusion of several control variables such as inflation, real GDP per capita, economic growth, the workforce skill level and the real effective exchange rate, as well as two alternative indicators of trade openness, the openness index, whose utilization is widespread in the literature, and the average tariff level.

Suggested Citation

  • Ernesto R. Gantman & Marcelo P. Dabós, 2020. "Apertura Comercial y Distribución del Ingreso: Un Análisis de Panel para America Latina (1990-2016)," Revista Actualidad Económica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, vol. 30(101), pages 5-16, May-Ago.
  • Handle: RePEc:ief:revaec:v:30:y:2020:i:101:p:5-16
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    América Latina; apertura comercial; comercio internacional; desigualdad del ingreso;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F62 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Macroeconomic Impacts
    • I30 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General

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