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Equilibrios múltiples, crisis externas y programas de estabilización

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  • Nicolás Oviedo

    (Universidad Torcuato Di Tella (Argentina))

Abstract

En este artículo, discutimos la idea de que los programas de estabilización que fracasan o el estallido de crisis externas son la desembocadura de una trayectoria macroeconómica unívocamente determinada. Para ello, apelamos a la noción teórica de equilibrio múltiple y a un breve repaso de las lecciones aprendidas en experiencias latinoamericanas de estabilización. Los desequilibrios en las cuentas externas, la acumulación de deuda en moneda extranjera y la fragilidad financiera en general pueden poner a una economía en situación de multiplicidad de equilibrios. El resultado que se concrete dependerá de las expectativas de ciertos agentes, del advenimiento de shocks o bien de la realización o no de eventos aleatorios que coordinen conductas. Los modelos de crisis de balanzas de pagos de segunda generación reflejan formalmente nuestro argumento./ This article aims to cast doubt on the generalized idea that failures when implementing stabilization plans or the materialization of a balance of payment crisis are the inevitable ending of a determined macroeconomic trajectory. To support the statement, we introduce the theoretical concept of multiple equilibria. Moreover, we briefly review learned lessons over recent stabilization experiments in Latin America. Balance of payment disequilibria, increasing stocks of sovereign debt and financial vulnerability generally lead a given economy into a multiple equilibria scenario. The instantiation of a certain outcome will depend on agents’ expectations and whether shocks that coordinate expectations (sunspots) hit or not the economy. A second generation of balance-of-payment-crises, such as the one portraited by Maurice Obstfeld, analytically capture our main point.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolás Oviedo, 2020. "Equilibrios múltiples, crisis externas y programas de estabilización," Revista Actualidad Económica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, vol. 30(101), pages 17-27, May- Ago.
  • Handle: RePEc:ief:revaec:v:30:y:2020:i:101:p:17-27
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Equilibrios múltiples; balanza de pagos; crisis externa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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