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Energy and CO 2 emissions as the determinants of countries' productivity with different levels of economic development

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  • Christina Bampatsou
  • George Halkos

Abstract

In the present study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used for the period spanning from 1980 to 2012 and for a total of 32 countries which are classified into four groups, according to their level of development (Developing, BRICS, Developed, G7). DEA allows us to measure technical efficiency under constant and variable returns to scale and also the Malmquist index and its components. Furthermore, we develop an order-α approach for the determination of partial frontiers. An output oriented model is applied. Labour and capital are used as inputs while the GDP index is used as output. Subsequently, energy is incorporated in the model as an additional input and CO2 emissions as undesirable output. A comparison of productivity indices, allows us to highlight the different levels of productivity, before and after the integration of energy and CO2 emissions as additional variables, for each group of countries and therefore their sustainability gaps.

Suggested Citation

  • Christina Bampatsou & George Halkos, 2017. "Energy and CO 2 emissions as the determinants of countries' productivity with different levels of economic development," International Journal of Global Energy Issues, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 40(5), pages 277-293.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgeni:v:40:y:2017:i:5:p:277-293
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    Cited by:

    1. George E. Halkos & Christina Bampatsou, 2019. "Economic growth and environmental degradation: a conditional nonparametric frontier analysis," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 21(2), pages 325-347, April.
    2. Halkos, George, 2017. "Global Energy and Sustainable Development: Introduction," MPRA Paper 81967, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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