Contribution of Metabolic Syndrome in Controlling Diabetes Mellitus According to Gender in Indonesia (RISKESDAS 2018)

BACKGROUND- Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multiple risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). It is important to understand the contribution of MetS in developing DM in different population characteristics. This study aims to obtain the prevalence of MetS and the magnitude of the contribution of MetS risk factors as a basis for developing targeted DM intervention programs. METHODS- This study used data from the 2018 Riskesdas survey, an Indonesia national health survey, with a total sample of 24,545 individuals aged 15 years and over. This study selected only respondents who had never been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus before the survey was conducted and have complete MetS data according to the National Cholesterol Education Program or Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) criteria. Data had been analyzed for the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) statistical test. RESULTS- A total of 29.2 percents of the population with MetS and the prevalence in women (17.2%) was higher than in men (11.9%) Three components of MetS that contribute greatly to DM were fasting blood glucose levels, hypertension and high triglyceride levels. If the men population can maintain two risk factors (fasting blood sugar levels and blood pressure) under normal conditions, the prevalence of DM can be reduced by as much as 15 percent. In women, if three factors (fasting blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and triglyceride levels) can be maintained under normal conditions, the prevalence of DM can be reduced by 29.9 percent. CONCLUSION- Prevention strategy of DM need to include monitoring and controlling of the metabolic syndrome and behavioral risk factors, that can be applied in primary health center as well as in community-based setting of health program.