Accounting Identification of Agricultural Receipts as Financial Instruments

Agricultural receipts are a particular financial instrument with industry specifics and are used exclusively by agricultural producers. However, not all types of agricultural receipts are always financial instruments. The purpose of the article is to reveal the accounting nature of the agricultural receipt as a financial instrument to avoid the risks of the accumulation of information in erroneously defined accounting sections. The study results show that approaches to accounting for commodity and financial agricultural receipts should be distinguished. It was proved that regardless of whether an agricultural receipt is issued in exchange for goods or money, it cannot be identified as a financial instrument because it provides for settlement by receiving (supplying) a non-financial asset. At the same time, the financial agricultural receipt meets the criteria of the financial instrument. So it should be reflected in the accounting by the rules set out in the relevant National Accounting Standard. Based on the analysis of subspecies of financial agricultural receipt, it was established that its variable accounting nature is manifested in the fact that depending on the terms of the contract and in exchange for which such an agricultural receipt was issued, it can be recognised in accounting repayable financial assistance (loan), accounts payable for goods (works or services) or derivative financial instruments. Recognition of a financial agricultural receipt as a derivative requires careful consideration of each embedded component and evaluation of the contractual relationship to determine the change (or lack thereof) in the asset's fair value or liability at each reporting date. The identified features of agricultural receipts as accounting objects must be considered in the formation of accounting policies of the enterprise and the implementation of expert verification of accounting records of transactions with such financial instruments.