Integrated Absorption–Adsorption Process for Waste-Free Decontamination of Gases from Sulfur Dioxide, Part 2: CFD Modeling and Experimental Investigation of a Bubble-Cap Tray

There are many technologies for removal of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) from flue gases. They are intrinsic part of the efforts for sustainability of energy production as they reduce the harmful impact of fossil fuel combustion on the environment by minimizing one of the main air pollutants. A wide range of methods use alkaline absorbents. In most cases, the products obtained from the absorption process have to undergo further oxidation, which increases the cost of carrying out the process. As a final result, the sulfates obtained (Na 2 SO 4 and CaSO 4 ) have limited practical application and there is a problem with their disposal. Scientific and engineering efforts have been directed towards the development of a practically waste-free technology for gas purification from SO 2 . An absorption–adsorption method is proposed, which comprises absorption of SO 2 in water with simultaneous adsorption of the resultant sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3 ) from the aqueous solution with a synthetic anion-exchange resin. Regeneration of the adsorbent is accomplished with a dilute solution of ammonia (NH 3 ), followed by decomposition of the resulting ammonium sulfite ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 3 ) with nitric acid (HNO 3 ). The products of the processes are pure gaseous (liquefied) SO 2 and an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ). Sulfur dioxide has a wide range of applications in the chemical industry; ammonium nitrate is a product with a variety of commercial uses as well, the most common of which is as a soil fertilizer. The new absorption–adsorption method offers a practically waste-free technology. The basic unit of this technology is a bubble-cap tray column where the absorption–adsorption process is carried out in an aqueous suspension of a synthetic anion-exchange resin. This work presents a CFD simulation of the flow on the bubble-cap tray. A physical model of the column is constructed, which contains a bubble-cap tray fabricated by 3D printing. As a result of this experimental study, new data on the tray pressure drop, gas holdup, and the kinetics of the absorption–adsorption process were obtained.