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Valorization of Lyophilized Olive Mill Wastewater: Chemical and Biochemical Approaches

Author

Listed:
  • Imen Dali

    (Laboratory of Materials Molecules and Applications, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, University of Carthage, Carthage 2070, Tunisia
    Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, B.P 248 El Manar II, Tunis 2092, Tunisia)

  • Abdelrahman T. Abdelwahab

    (Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt)

  • Abdelkarim Aydi

    (French School Victor Hugo, Gontardstraße 11, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

  • Nouha Fares

    (Laboratory of National Office of Oil (Tunisia), Charguia 2035, Tunisia)

  • Aboulbaba Eladeb

    (Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Northern Border University, Rafha 73213, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mondher Hamzaoui

    (Deanship of eLearning and Distance Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia)

  • Manef Abderrabba

    (Laboratory of Materials Molecules and Applications, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, University of Carthage, Carthage 2070, Tunisia)

  • Marwa A. Abdelfattah

    (Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
    Phytochemistry Unit, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo 11753, Egypt)

  • Arbi Guetat

    (Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
    Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology and Valorisation of Medicinal Phytoresources, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Carthage University, B.P. 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia)

Abstract

Lipid composition and antioxidant activity have been carried out in order to valorize the composition of olive mill wastewater extracts with different solvents (supercritical carbon dioxide, n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) tests. The total phenolics and flavonoid contents were, also, determined. The chemical composition of the extracted oil was established, respectively, by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. The results showed that the oleic acid and equivalent carbon number of forty-eight were the major compounds of the analyzed oils. Residual olive mill wastewater from the Sousse region displayed the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity (31.10 ± 0.10 μg/mL). The chemical analysis of extracts of OMWs showed that the n-hexane fraction contained an abundance of oleic acid (61.62%) and an equivalent carbon number of forty-eight (53.14%). The best antioxidant activity was determined for the ethanol fraction (14.5 μg/mL). The final results showed a significant difference and variations in polar and apolar components. Moreover, n-hexane extracts showed high percentages of Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) with 64% of OMWs oil composition and the dichloromethane extracts contained the largest amount of flavonoids (160.30 ± 1.70 mg EQ/g DM).

Suggested Citation

  • Imen Dali & Abdelrahman T. Abdelwahab & Abdelkarim Aydi & Nouha Fares & Aboulbaba Eladeb & Mondher Hamzaoui & Manef Abderrabba & Marwa A. Abdelfattah & Arbi Guetat, 2023. "Valorization of Lyophilized Olive Mill Wastewater: Chemical and Biochemical Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:3360-:d:1066039
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