IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i9p5602-d809787.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Rethinking Outdoor Courtyard Spaces on University Campuses to Enhance Health and Wellbeing: The Anti-Virus Built Environment

Author

Listed:
  • Saba Alnusairat

    (Department of Architecture Engineering, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan)

  • Zahra Al-Shatnawi

    (Department of Architecture Engineering, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan)

  • Yara Ayyad

    (Department of Architecture Engineering, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan)

  • Ala’ Alwaked

    (Department of Architecture Engineering, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan)

  • Nasser Abuanzeh

    (Department of Architecture Engineering, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan)

Abstract

Responding to the events surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, this study explores how to improve health and wellbeing and reduce infections in outdoor open spaces on university campuses to maximize their potential as a response to future crises. The study identifies the relationship between human behavior (social) and the various physical and environmental elements of these spaces. A case study and mixed-methods approach were undertaken, comprising four modes of inspection: user analysis layer using questionnaires and observations to survey students’ needs and behavior; context analysis layer using space syntax and CFD to examine the space’s physical and environmental conditions; design solutions reflecting an understanding of virus transmission; and a performance analysis layer to test the performance of ‘anti-virus’ courtyards. The findings demonstrated that students are willing to use the open spaces that they used before the pandemic, at the same frequency. This indicates a need to redesign the current spaces to prevent the spread of viruses. The study highlights the social, physical, and environmental implications to be considered in designs for outdoor anti-virus spaces. It provides a comprehensive process for transforming outdoor spaces on university campuses into anti-virus spaces that meet users’ needs. These findings have implications for the designing and retrofitting of open spaces to reduce infection.

Suggested Citation

  • Saba Alnusairat & Zahra Al-Shatnawi & Yara Ayyad & Ala’ Alwaked & Nasser Abuanzeh, 2022. "Rethinking Outdoor Courtyard Spaces on University Campuses to Enhance Health and Wellbeing: The Anti-Virus Built Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-32, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5602-:d:809787
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/5602/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/5602/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stefano Bracco & Federico Delfino & Paola Laiolo & Andrea Morini, 2018. "Planning & Open-Air Demonstrating Smart City Sustainable Districts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Shima Hamidi & Sadegh Sabouri & Reid Ewing, 2020. "Does Density Aggravate the COVID-19 Pandemic?," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 86(4), pages 495-509, October.
    3. Krzysztof Goniewicz & Amir Khorram-Manesh & Attila J. Hertelendy & Mariusz Goniewicz & Katarzyna Naylor & Frederick M. Burkle, 2020. "Current Response and Management Decisions of the European Union to the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-12, May.
    4. Claudia De Luca & Andrea Libetta & Elisa Conticelli & Simona Tondelli, 2021. "Accessibility to and Availability of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) to Support Health and Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Pandemic—The Case of Bologna," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-13, October.
    5. Ilenia Spadaro & Francesca Pirlone, 2021. "Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan and Health Security," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, April.
    6. Matthew A Cole & Ceren Ozgen & Eric Strobl, 2020. "Air Pollution Exposure and Covid-19," Discussion Papers 20-13, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Odilia Renaningtyas Manifesty & Junga Lee, 2022. "A Spatial Adaptation Strategy for Safe Campus Open Spaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Korea University," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-15, July.
    2. Saba Alnusairat & Jenan Abu Qadourah & Rawan Khattab, 2023. "Assessing the Future City Post COVID-19: Linking the SDGs, Health, Resilience, and Psychological Impact," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-24, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ali Zackery & Joseph Amankwah-Amoah & Zahra Heidari Darani & Shiva Ghasemi, 2022. "COVID-19 Research in Business and Management: A Review and Future Research Agenda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-32, August.
    2. Marion Davin & Mouez Fodha & Thomas Seegmuller, 2021. "Environment, public debt and epidemics," AMSE Working Papers 2128, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France.
    3. Brandily, Paul & Brébion, Clément & Briole, Simon & Khoury, Laura, 2021. "A poorly understood disease? The impact of COVID-19 on the income gradient in mortality over the course of the pandemic," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    4. Isabel Marques & Zélia Serrasqueiro & Fernanda Nogueira, 2021. "Managers’ Competences in Private Hospitals for Investment Decisions during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-14, February.
    5. Federico Delfino & Paola Laiolo & Federico Delfino, 2019. "Living Labs and Partnerships for Progress-How Universities can Drive the Process towards the Sustainable City," International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 18(2), pages 71-73, April.
    6. Andrés Rodríguez‐Pose & Chiara Burlina, 2021. "Institutions and the uneven geography of the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(4), pages 728-752, September.
    7. Mehmet Ronael & Tüzin Baycan, 2022. "Place-based factors affecting COVID-19 incidences in Turkey," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 6(3), pages 1053-1086, October.
    8. Dang, Hai-Anh H. & Trinh, Trong-Anh, 2020. "Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Improve Global Air Quality? New Cross-national Evidence on Its Unintended Consequences," GLO Discussion Paper Series 606, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    9. Gayatri Kawlra & Kazuki Sakamoto, 2023. "Spatialising urban health vulnerability: An analysis of NYC’s critical infrastructure during COVID-19," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 60(9), pages 1629-1649, July.
    10. Richard Florida & Andrés Rodríguez-Pose & Michael Storper, 2023. "Critical Commentary: Cities in a post-COVID world," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 60(8), pages 1509-1531, June.
    11. Fernando Gil-Alonso & Jordi Bayona-i-Carrasco & Isabel Pujadas-Rúbies, 2023. "Is Spanish depopulation irreversible? Recent demographic and spatial changes in small municipalities," Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, vol. 21(1), pages 1-1.
    12. X. Angela Yao & Andrew Crooks & Bin Jiang & Jukka Krisp & Xintao Liu & Haosheng Huang, 2023. "An overview of urban analytical approaches to combating the Covid-19 pandemic," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 50(5), pages 1133-1143, June.
    13. Katarzyna Czech & Michał Wielechowski & Pavel Kotyza & Irena Benešová & Adriana Laputková, 2020. "Shaking Stability: COVID-19 Impact on the Visegrad Group Countries’ Financial Markets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-19, August.
    14. Shuai Yu & Bin Li & Dongmei Liu, 2023. "Exploring the Public Health of Travel Behaviors in High-Speed Railway Environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Perspective of Trip Chain: A Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomera," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-22, January.
    15. Ruixin Su & Bojan Obrenovic & Jianguo Du & Danijela Godinic & Akmal Khudaykulov, 2022. "COVID-19 Pandemic Implications for Corporate Sustainability and Society: A Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-23, January.
    16. Mattia Bertin, 2022. "Lessons to be learnt from COVID-19," Briefs, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, October.
    17. Yaqi Wang & Rodrigo Viseu Cardoso & Claudiu Forgaci, 2022. "Urban Pandemic Vulnerability and COVID-19: A New Framework to Assess the Impacts of Global Pandemics in the Metropolitan Region of Amsterdam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, April.
    18. Sui Zhang & Minghao Wang & Zhao Yang & Baolei Zhang, 2021. "A Novel Predictor for Micro-Scale COVID-19 Risk Modeling: An Empirical Study from a Spatiotemporal Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-16, December.
    19. Syed Abul Basher & A. K. Enamul Haque, 2021. "Public policy lessons from the Covid-19 outbreak: How to deal with it in the post-pandemic world?," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 23(2), pages 234-247, September.
    20. Richard Florida & Charlotta Mellander, 2022. "The geography of COVID-19 in Sweden," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 68(1), pages 125-150, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5602-:d:809787. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.