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Consumption-Based CO 2 Emissions on Sustainable Development Goals of SAARC Region

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammad Mazibar Rahman

    (Department of Accounting, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh)

  • Rafiuddin Ahmed

    (College of Business, Law & Governance, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia)

  • Abu Hashan Md. Mashud

    (Department of Mathematics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
    School of Engineering and IT, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Canberra, ACT 2612, Australia)

  • Asif Iqbal Malik

    (Department of Hotel and Tourism Management, College of Hospitality and Tourism, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea)

  • Sujan Miah

    (Department of Mathematics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh)

  • Mohammad Zoynul Abedin

    (Department of Finance, Performance & Marketing, Teesside University International Business School, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK)

Abstract

Consumption-based CO 2 emission (CBE) accounting shows the possibility of global carbon leakage. Very little attention has been paid to the amount of emissions related to the consumption of products and services and their impact on sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially in the SAARC region. This study used a CBE accounting method to measure the CO 2 emissions of five major SAARC member countries. Additionally, a Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and a causality model were used to investigate the long-term effects of the CBE and SDG variables between 1972 and 2015. The results showed that household consumption contributed more than 62.39% of CO 2 emissions overall in the SAARC region. India had the highest household emissions, up to 37.27%, and Nepal contributed the lowest, up to 0.61%. The total imported emissions were the greatest in India (16.88 Gt CO 2 ) and Bangladesh (15.90 Gt CO 2 ). At the same time, the results for the long-term relationships between the CBEs and SDGs of the SAARC region showed that only the combustible renewables and waste (CRW) variable is significant for most of these countries. The sharing of the responsibility for emissions between suppliers and customers could encourage governments and policymakers to make global climate policy and sustainable development decisions, which are currently stalled by questions over geographical and past emission inequities.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Mazibar Rahman & Rafiuddin Ahmed & Abu Hashan Md. Mashud & Asif Iqbal Malik & Sujan Miah & Mohammad Zoynul Abedin, 2022. "Consumption-Based CO 2 Emissions on Sustainable Development Goals of SAARC Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-27, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:1467-:d:735781
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    Cited by:

    1. Usman Mehmood & Salman Tariq & Zia Ul-Haq & Ephraim Bonah Agyekum & Salah Kamel & Mohamed Elnaggar & Hasan Nawaz & Ammar Hameed & Shafqat Ali, 2022. "Can Financial Institutional Deepening and Renewable Energy Consumption Lower CO 2 Emissions in G-10 Countries: Fresh Evidence from Advanced Methodologies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Godwin Imo Ibe & Hillary Chijindu Ezeaku & Itiri Idam Okpara & Eze Festus Eze & Ebele Igwemeka & Obinna Ubani, 2024. "Asymmetric effect of environmental tax on CO2 emissions embodied in domestic final demand in South Africa: A NARDL approach," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 36(1), pages 55-69, March.
    3. Haiying Liu & Majed Alharthi & Muhammad Wasif Zafar & Muhammad Sohail Tahir & Muhammad Mansoor Asghar, 2023. "Understanding the Role of Technology in Asian Economies: The Environmental Impact of Remittances and Economic Complexity," Evaluation Review, , vol. 47(6), pages 951-982, December.

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