IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i19p12567-d932227.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Associated Socio-Economic Impacts in Arid Mountainous Regions

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Asif Saeed

    (Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Ghulam Murtaza

    (Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Shafaqat Ali

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
    Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan)

  • Humera Aziz

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Mohammed F. Albeshr

    (Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Shahid Mahboob

    (Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Irfan Manzoor

    (Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7000, USA)

  • Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi

    (Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Sabir

    (Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Hamaad Raza Ahmad

    (Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Ayesha Abdul Qadir

    (Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Sajjad ur Rehman

    (Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

Abstract

We investigated the quality of drinking water and its possible effects on human health in the Dera Ghazi Khan (D. G. Khan) district of Pakistan. Samples were collected from three tehsils of the D. G. Khan district, namely D. G. Khan, Kot Chutta, and Taunsa. A total of 50 samples ( n = 50) were collected from the study area using standard procedures. The pH of the water samples ranged from 6.52–8.75, EC 0.31–9.78 dS m −1 , and TDS 105–985 mg L −1 . The bacterial analysis showed that 9 out of 50 samples (18%) contained pathogenic E. coli bacterial. The results showed that the pH and EC values of some sampling sites exceeded the WHO guidelines for drinking water. It was observed that the pH of only 1 sample, and the EC of 18 samples in D. G. Khan—5 in Kot Chutta and 16 in Tehsil Taunsa—exceeded the WHO guidelines. In terms of E. coli presence and related diseases (hepatitis A, B, and C), we collected data, which were screened and belonged to the sampling sites, from 1378 patients receiving treatment related to hepatitis A, B, and C. It was revealed that 530 patients belonged to the D. G. Khan site, followed by Taunsa (460), and Kot Chutta (388). Based on the results, it was concluded that the quality of drinking water samples generally was good, except for 6% of the samples, assessed using (SAR) and Kelly’s ratio (KR), and 9 sites were positive for E. coli .

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Asif Saeed & Ghulam Murtaza & Shafaqat Ali & Humera Aziz & Mohammed F. Albeshr & Shahid Mahboob & Irfan Manzoor & Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi & Muhammad Sabir & Hamaad Raza Ahmad & Ayesha Abdul Qad, 2022. "Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Associated Socio-Economic Impacts in Arid Mountainous Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:19:p:12567-:d:932227
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/19/12567/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/19/12567/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. John Ogony Odiyo & Rachel Makungo, 2018. "Chemical and Microbial Quality of Groundwater in Siloam Village, Implications to Human Health and Sources of Contamination," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-12, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wenwen Feng & Chao Wang & Xiaohui Lei & Hao Wang & Xueliang Zhang, 2020. "Distribution of Nitrate Content in Groundwater and Evaluation of Potential Health Risks: A Case Study of Rural Areas in Northern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-14, December.
    2. John Ogony Odiyo & Mashudu Maxwell Mathoni & Rachel Makungo, 2020. "Health Risks and Potential Sources of Contamination of Groundwater Used by Public Schools in Vhuronga 1, Limpopo Province, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Mohora Feida Malebatja & Mpata Mathildah Mokgatle, 2022. "Diarrhoea among Children Aged 5 Years and Microbial Drinking Water Quality Compliance: Trends Analysis Study in South Africa (2008–2018)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:19:p:12567-:d:932227. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.