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A Sustainable Cold Mix Asphalt Mixture Comprising Paper Sludge Ash and Cement Kiln Dust

Author

Listed:
  • Anmar Dulaimi

    (College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq
    School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK)

  • Shakir Al-Busaltan

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, Iraq)

  • Mustafa Amoori Kadhim

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, Iraq)

  • Ruqayah Al-Khafaji

    (Department of Building and Construction Technologies Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon 51001, Iraq)

  • Monower Sadique

    (School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK)

  • Hassan Al Nageim

    (School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK)

  • Raed Khalid Ibrahem

    (Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10015, Iraq)

  • Jan Awrejcewicz

    (Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

  • Witold Pawłowski

    (Institute of Machine Tools and Production Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

  • Jasim M. Mahdi

    (Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq)

Abstract

Concerns about the environment, the cost of energy, and safety mean that low-energy cold-mix asphalt materials are very interesting as a potential replacement for present-day hot mix asphalt. The main disadvantage of cold bituminous emulsion mixtures is their poor early life strength, meaning they require a long time to achieve mature strength. This research work aims to study the protentional utilization of waste and by-product materials as a filler in cold emulsion mixtures with mechanical properties comparable to those of traditional hot mix asphalt. Accordingly, cold mix asphalt was prepared to utilize paper sludge ash (PSA) and cement kiln dust (CKD) as a substitution for conventional mineral filler with percentages ranging from 0–6% and 0–4%, respectively. Test results have shown that the incorporation of such waste materials reflected a significant improvement in the mixture’s stiffness and strength evolution. The cementitious reactivity of PSA produces bonding inside the mixtures, while CKD is used as an additive to activate the hydration process of PSA. Therefore, based on the results, it will be easier to build cold mixtures by shortening the amount of time needed to reach full curing conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Anmar Dulaimi & Shakir Al-Busaltan & Mustafa Amoori Kadhim & Ruqayah Al-Khafaji & Monower Sadique & Hassan Al Nageim & Raed Khalid Ibrahem & Jan Awrejcewicz & Witold Pawłowski & Jasim M. Mahdi, 2022. "A Sustainable Cold Mix Asphalt Mixture Comprising Paper Sludge Ash and Cement Kiln Dust," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:16:p:10253-:d:891247
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kunal, & Siddique, Rafat & Rajor, Anita, 2012. "Use of cement kiln dust in cement concrete and its leachate characteristics," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 59-68.
    2. Talaat Abdel-Wahed & Anmar Dulaimi & Hayder Kamil Shanbara & Hassan Al Nageim, 2022. "The Impact of Cement Kiln Dust and Cement on Cold Mix Asphalt Characteristics at Different Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-13, March.
    3. Zipeng Wang & Zenggang Zhao & Chao Yang & Xinkui Yang & Shuaichao Chen & Yingxue Zou, 2022. "Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Modified with Steel Slag Powder and Waste Tire Rubber Compounds," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-16, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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