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Multi-Parametric Investigations on Aerodynamic Force, Aeroacoustic, and Engine Energy Utilizations Based Development of Intercity Bus Associates with Various Drag Reduction Techniques through Advanced Engineering Approaches

Author

Listed:
  • Yinyin Wang

    (Economics and Management School, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
    Jiangsu Yangtze River Economic Belt Research Institute, Nantong University, Nantong 226002, China)

  • Vijayanandh Raja

    (Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, Tamil Nadu, India)

  • Senthil Kumar Madasamy

    (Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, Tamil Nadu, India)

  • Sujithira Padmanaban

    (Masters in Computer Simulation in Science, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany)

  • Hussein A. Z. AL-bonsrulah

    (Iraqi Ministry of Oil, Midland Refineries Company, Najaf Refinery, Najaf 54001, Iraq)

  • Manivel Ramaiah

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, Tamil Nadu, India)

  • Parvathy Rajendran

    (School of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
    Faculty of Engineering & Computing, First City University College, Bandar Utama, Petaling Jaya 47800, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Arul Prakash Raji

    (Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, Tamil Nadu, India)

  • Anselme Muzirafuti

    (Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, Via F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy)

  • Fuzhang Wang

    (School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China)

Abstract

The impacts of conflicting aerodynamic forces and side drifting forces are the primary unstable elements in automobiles. The action of an unstable environment in automobile vehicles increases the chance of an accident occurring. As a result, much study is required to determine how opposing aerodynamic forces and side drifting force affects function, as well as how to deal with them for safe and smooth navigation. In this work, an intercity bus is chosen as a main object, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is used to estimate aerodynamic forces on the bus in all major directions. Experimentation is also carried out for validation reasons. CFD findings for a scaled base model and a dimple-loaded model based on experimental results from a subsonic wind tunnel are demonstrated to be correct. The drag forces generated by CFD simulations on test models are carefully compared to the experimental drag findings of same-dimensioned models. The error percentages between the results of these two methods are acquired and the percentages are determined to be within an acceptable range of significant limitations. Following these validations, CATIA is used to create a total of nine distinct models, the first of which is a standard intercity bus, whereas the other eight models are fitted with drag reduction techniques such as dimples, riblets, and fins on the surface of their upper cumulus side. A sophisticated computational tool, ANSYS Fluent 17.2, is used to estimate the comparative assessments of the predictions of aerodynamic force fluctuations on bus models. Finally, dimples on the top and side surfaces of the bus model (DESIGN–I) are proposed as a more efficient model than other models because dimples are a vital component that may lower pressure drag on the bus by 18% in the main flow direction and up to 43% in the sideslip direction. Furthermore, by minimizing the different aerodynamic force sources without impacting the preparatory needs, the proposed model may provide comfortable travel. The real-time bus is created, and the finalized drag reduction is applied to the optimized places over the whole bus model. In addition, five distinct size-based bus models are developed and studied in terms of aerodynamic forces, necessary energy to resist aerodynamic drag, required forward force for successful movement, instantaneous demand for particular power, and fuel consumption rate. Finally, the formation of aeroacoustic noise owing to turbulence is estimated using sophisticated computer simulation. Last, for real-time applications, multi-parametric studies based on appropriate intercity buses are established.

Suggested Citation

  • Yinyin Wang & Vijayanandh Raja & Senthil Kumar Madasamy & Sujithira Padmanaban & Hussein A. Z. AL-bonsrulah & Manivel Ramaiah & Parvathy Rajendran & Arul Prakash Raji & Anselme Muzirafuti & Fuzhang Wa, 2022. "Multi-Parametric Investigations on Aerodynamic Force, Aeroacoustic, and Engine Energy Utilizations Based Development of Intercity Bus Associates with Various Drag Reduction Techniques through Advanced," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-51, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:5948-:d:815215
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chinnawat Hoonsiri & Siriluk Chiarakorn & Vasin Kiattikomol, 2021. "Using Combined Bus Rapid Transit and Buses in a Dedicated Bus Lane to Enhance Urban Transportation Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Adithya Hariram & Thorsten Koch & Björn Mårdberg & Jan Kyncl, 2019. "A Study in Options to Improve Aerodynamic Profile of Heavy-Duty Vehicles in Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-23, October.
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