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Groundwater Quality Assessment for Sustainable Drinking and Irrigation

Author

Listed:
  • Esmaeil Asadi

    (Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran)

  • Mohammad Isazadeh

    (Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran)

  • Saeed Samadianfard

    (Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran)

  • Mohammad Firuz Ramli

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Amir Mosavi

    (Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Queensland 4059, Australia
    Kando Kalman Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
    Institute of Structural Mechanics, Bauhaus Universität-Weimar, D−99423 Weimar, Germany)

  • Narjes Nabipour

    (Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam)

  • Shahaboddin Shamshirband

    (Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
    Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam)

  • Eva Hajnal

    (Alba Regia Technical Faculty, Obuda University, 8000 Szekesfehervar, Hungary)

  • Kwok-Wing Chau

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China)

Abstract

Identification and management of the groundwater quality are of utmost importance for maintaining freshwater resources in arid and semi-arid areas, which is essential for sustainable development. Based on the quality of the groundwater in various areas, local policymakers and water resource managers can allocate the usage of resources for either drinking or agricultural purposes. This research aims to identify suitable areas of water pumping for drinking and agricultural harvest in the Tabriz aquifer, located in East Azerbaijan province, northwest Iran. A groundwater compatibility study was conducted by analyzing Electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Sulfate (SO 4 ), Total hardness (TH), Bicarbonate (HCO 3 ), pH, carbonate (CO 3 ), the and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) obtained from 39 wells in the time period from 2003 to 2014. The Water Quality Index (WQI) and irrigation water quality (IWQ) index are respectively utilized due to their high importance in identifying the quality of water resources for irrigation and drinking purposes. The WQI index zoning for drinking classified water as excellent, good, or poor. The study concludes that most drinking water harvested for urban and rural areas is ‘excellent water’ or ‘good water’. The IWQ index average for the study area is reported to be in the range of 25.9 to 34.55. The results further revealed that about 37 percent (296 km 2 ) of groundwater has high compatibility, and 63 percent of the study area (495 km 2 ) has average compatibility for agricultural purposes. The trend of IWQ and WQI indexes demonstrates that groundwater quality has been declining over time.

Suggested Citation

  • Esmaeil Asadi & Mohammad Isazadeh & Saeed Samadianfard & Mohammad Firuz Ramli & Amir Mosavi & Narjes Nabipour & Shahaboddin Shamshirband & Eva Hajnal & Kwok-Wing Chau, 2019. "Groundwater Quality Assessment for Sustainable Drinking and Irrigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2019:i:1:p:177-:d:301708
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Elham Fijani & Asghar Asghari Moghaddam & Frank T.-C. Tsai & Gokmen Tayfur, 2017. "Analysis and Assessment of Hydrochemical Characteristics of Maragheh-Bonab Plain Aquifer, Northwest of Iran," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(3), pages 765-780, February.
    2. M. Salahat & M. Al-Qinna & K. Mashal & N. Hammouri, 2014. "Identifying Major Factors Controlling Groundwater Quality in Semiarid Area Using Advanced Statistical Techniques," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(11), pages 3829-3841, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shengyang Qin & Xinxing Duan & Ahmad Fatehallah Al-hourani & Naif Alsaadi, 2022. "Evaluation of Total Quality Management in Turkish Pharmaceutical Companies: A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-20, August.
    2. Haihua Zhuo & Yunli Wu & Yunbing Liu & Jie Xu & Xueqin Guo & Jie Chen & Xuejiao Ouyang, 2022. "Source, Distribution and Potential Risk of Antimony in Water and Sediments of Danjiangkou Reservoir: Impact from Dam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-8, September.
    3. Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam & Swapan Talukdar & Shumona Akhter & Kutub Uddin Eibek & Md. Mostafizur Rahman & Swades Pal & Mohd Waseem Naikoo & Atiqur Rahman & Amir Mosavi, 2022. "Assessing the Impact of the Farakka Barrage on Hydrological Alteration in the Padma River with Future Insight," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-26, April.
    4. Otman El Mountassir & Mohammed Bahir & Abdelghani Chehbouni & Driss Dhiba & Hicham El Jiar, 2022. "Assessment of Groundwater Quality and the Main Controls on Its Hydrochemistry in a Changing Climate in Morocco (Essaouira Basin)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-31, June.
    5. Abdessamed Derdour & Hazem Ghassan Abdo & Hussein Almohamad & Abdullah Alodah & Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi & Sherif S. M. Ghoneim & Enas Ali, 2023. "Prediction of Groundwater Quality Index Using Classification Techniques in Arid Environments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-20, June.
    6. Congjian Sun & Shiyu Wang & Wei Chen, 2022. "Hydrochemical Characteristics and the Relationship between Surface and Groundwater in a Typical ‘Mountain–Oasis’ Ecosystem in Central Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-25, June.

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