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Two Scenarios for Landfills Design in Special Conditions Using the HELP Model: A Case Study in Babylon Governorate, Iraq

Author

Listed:
  • Ali Chabuk

    (Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 971 87 Lulea, Sweden
    Department of Environment Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon 51001, Iraq)

  • Nadhir Al-Ansari

    (Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 971 87 Lulea, Sweden)

  • Mohammad Ezz-Aldeen

    (Department of Dams and Water Resources Engineering, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq)

  • Jan Laue

    (Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 971 87 Lulea, Sweden)

  • Roland Pusch

    (Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 971 87 Lulea, Sweden)

  • Hussain Musa Hussain

    (Remote Sensing Center, University of Kufa, Kufa 51001, Iraq)

  • Sven Knutsson

    (Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 971 87 Lulea, Sweden)

Abstract

The sound design of landfills is essential in order to protect human health and the environment (air, water, and soil). The study area, Babylon Governorate, is situated in the middle of Iraq, and is distinguished by a hot climate and shallow groundwater. The governorate did not have landfill sites that meet international criteria; in addition, the groundwater depth in Babylon Governorate is commonly shallow. Previously, the most important criteria for the study area and GIS software were used to select the best sites for locating landfills in the major cities of the governorate. In this study, the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP 3.95D) model was applied in order to ensure that there was no leakage of the leachate that results from the waste in the selected landfill sites. It is the most commonly utilized model for landfill design, and it is used to estimate water inflow through the soil layers. For the present study, to avoid groundwater pollution by leachate from a landfill site due to the shallow groundwater depth, compacted waste was placed on the surface using two height scenarios (2 m and 4 m). This design was developed using the soil properties of the selected sites coupled with the weather parameters in Babylon Governorate (precipitation, temperature, solar, and evapotranspiration) for a 12-year period covering 2005 to 2016. The results from both of the suggested landfill designs showed an absence of leachate from the bottom liner.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Chabuk & Nadhir Al-Ansari & Mohammad Ezz-Aldeen & Jan Laue & Roland Pusch & Hussain Musa Hussain & Sven Knutsson, 2018. "Two Scenarios for Landfills Design in Special Conditions Using the HELP Model: A Case Study in Babylon Governorate, Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-27, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:125-:d:125799
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ali Chabuk & Nadhir Al-Ansari & Hussain Musa Hussain & Sven Knutsson & Roland Pusch & Jan Laue, 2017. "Combining GIS Applications and Method of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (AHP) for Landfill Siting in Al-Hashimiyah Qadhaa, Babylon, Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Marco Ragazzi & Riccardo Catellani & Elena Cristina Rada & Vincenzo Torretta & Xavier Salazar-Valenzuela, 2016. "Management of Urban Wastewater on One of the Galapagos Islands," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-19, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mariano Gallo, 2019. "An Optimisation Model to Consider the NIMBY Syndrome within the Landfill Siting Problem," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Ali Chabuk & Nadhir Al-Ansari & Karwan Alkaradaghi & Abdulla Mustafa Muhamed Al-Rawabdeh & Jan Laue & Hussain Musa Hussain & Roland Pusch & Sven Knutsson, 2018. "Landfill Final Cover Systems Design for Arid Areas Using the HELP Model: A Case Study in the Babylon Governorate, Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-27, December.

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