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Protective Factors against Emergency Stress and Burnout in Healthcare and Emergency Workers during Second Wave of COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Monia Vagni

    (Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy)

  • Tiziana Maiorano

    (Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy)

  • Valeria Giostra

    (Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy)

  • Daniela Pajardi

    (Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy)

Abstract

Working as healthcare workers (HCWs) and emergency workers (EWs) during the first wave of COVID-19 has been associated with high levels of stress and burnout, while hardiness, coping strategies and resilience have emerged as protective factors. No studies have so far investigated these psychological factors during the second wave. We aimed to verify the trend of stress levels, burnout, coping strategies and resilience during the pandemic in Italian healthcare and emergency workers by comparing a first sample recruited from the first COVID-19 wave (N = 240) with a second sample relating to the second wave (N = 260). Through an online platform we administered questionnaires to measure stress, burnout, resilience, hardiness and coping strategies. The results showed that in the two waves the total stress levels of HCWs and EWs did not differ, while the physical stress and hardiness scores in the second wave were greater. No differences were found in the coping strategies used. An analysis of burnout levels in the second wave sample found that stress showed a high predictive power in the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scales. Hardiness and resilience emerged as protective factors in reducing stress. The implications for the need to provide support and to improve hardiness for HCWs and EWs are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Monia Vagni & Tiziana Maiorano & Valeria Giostra & Daniela Pajardi, 2021. "Protective Factors against Emergency Stress and Burnout in Healthcare and Emergency Workers during Second Wave of COVID-19," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:10:y:2021:i:5:p:178-:d:557126
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Barbara Loera & Daniela Converso & Sara Viotti, 2014. "Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) among Italian Nurses: How Many Factors Must a Researcher Consider?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(12), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Tiziana Maiorano & Monia Vagni & Valeria Giostra & Daniela Pajardi, 2020. "COVID-19: Risk Factors and Protective Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies for Emergency Stress and Secondary Trauma in Medical Staff and Emergency Workers—An Online-Based Inquiry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-18, October.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Ahmed Yassin & Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi & Khalid El-Salem & Reema A. Karasneh & Sayer Al-Azzam & Aref A. Qarqash & Aws G. Khasawneh & Anas M. Zein Alaabdin & Ola Soudah, 2022. "Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Anxiety among Healthcare Workers in Jordan over One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Pasquale Caponnetto & Silvia Platania & Marilena Maglia & Martina Morando & Stefania Valeria Gruttadauria & Roberta Auditore & Caterina Ledda & Venerando Rapisarda & Giuseppe Santisi, 2022. "Health Occupation and Job Satisfaction: The Impact of Psychological Capital in the Management of Clinical Psychological Stressors of Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Era," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Teh-Kuang Sun & Li-Chuan Chu & Chun Hui, 2022. "The Psychological Impact and Influencing Factors during Different Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers in Central Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-11, August.
    5. Beata Dziedzic & Ewa Kobos & Zofia Sienkiewicz & Anna Idzik, 2022. "Mental Health of Nurses during the Fourth Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-12, February.

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