IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jjrfmx/v17y2024i3p120-d1357824.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Predicting Risk of and Motives behind Fraud in Financial Statements of Jordanian Industrial Firms Using Hexagon Theory

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmad Ahed Bader

    (Department of Financial and Administrative Sciences, Aqaba University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Aqaba 77110, Jordan)

  • Yousef A. Abu Hajar

    (Department of Financial and Administrative Sciences, Aqaba University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Aqaba 77110, Jordan)

  • Sulaiman Raji Sulaiman Weshah

    (Department of Accounting and Accounting Information System, Amman University College for Financial Administrative Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman 11831, Jordan)

  • Bisan Khalil Almasri

    (Accounting Department, Business School, Applied Science Private University, Abu Nussair, Amman 11937, Jordan)

Abstract

This study intends to identify the motives that lead to increasing or fighting the fraud risk in the Financial Statements (FSs) of industrial companies whose shares are traded in regulated and unregulated markets at the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) based on the Hexagon theory, which divides the motives for fraud into six factors. The study relied on secondary data to collect and measure the study variables by extracting them from the annual reports that were published by those companies on the website of the ASE during the period of 2012–2017. The collected data were analyzed using the logistic regression model on the SPSS program. The results confirmed that the return on assets (ROA), percentage of independent members in audit committees, and tone-related party transactions had a statistically significant relationship with predicted fraudulent FSs, where these three variables belong to pressure, opportunity, and collusion fraud motives, respectively. Thus, it is worth mentioning that this study is distinguished from previous studies that examined the issue of fraud in Jordanian companies by detecting the motives of fraud according to the Fraud Hexagon theory. Moreover, some of the fraud motives were measured using new variables such as a change in inventory, the age of auditing committee’s members, and tone-related party transactions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmad Ahed Bader & Yousef A. Abu Hajar & Sulaiman Raji Sulaiman Weshah & Bisan Khalil Almasri, 2024. "Predicting Risk of and Motives behind Fraud in Financial Statements of Jordanian Industrial Firms Using Hexagon Theory," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-27, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:17:y:2024:i:3:p:120-:d:1357824
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/17/3/120/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/17/3/120/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lisa A. Owens‐Jackson & Diana Robinson & Sandra Waller Shelton, 2009. "The Association Between Audit Committee Characteristics, the Contracting Process and Fraudulent Financial Reporting," American Journal of Business, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 24(1), pages 57-66, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Naeem Tabassum & Satwinder Singh, 2020. "Corporate Governance and Organisational Performance," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-030-48527-6, September.
    2. Charbel Salloum & George Jabbour & Jacques Digout & Elias Gebrayel, 2015. "Managerial Dominance over the Board and Audit Committee Independence in Financial Institutions," Post-Print hal-01371710, HAL.
    3. Junhui Wang & Jerry Sun, 2022. "The role of audit committees in social responsibility and environmental disclosures: evidence from Chinese energy sector," International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(1), pages 113-128, March.
    4. Masoud Azizkhani & Sarowar Hossain & Mai Nguyen, 2023. "Effects of audit committee chair characteristics on auditor choice, audit fee and audit quality," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(3), pages 3675-3707, September.
    5. Wen-Wen Chien & Roger W. Mayer & John T. Sennetti, 2010. "Audit Committee Effectiveness In The Largest Us Public Hospitals: An Empirical Study," Accounting & Taxation, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 2(1), pages 107-127.
    6. Ahmad, Muhammad Farooq & Aziz, Saqib & El-Khatib, Rwan & Kowalewski, Oskar, 2023. "Firm-level political risk and dividend payout," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    7. Mohammad Rajon Meah & Kanon Kumar Sen & Md. Hossain Ali, 2021. "Audit Characteristics, Gender Diversity and Firm Performance: Evidence from a Developing Economy," Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, , vol. 14(1), pages 48-70, June.
    8. Joseph U. Madugba & Kerry E. Howell & Tony Ikechukwu Nwanji & Sainey Faye & Ben-Caleb Egbide & Damilola Felix Eluyela, 2021. "Audit Committee Quality and Financial Reporting in Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 11(2), pages 104-117, February.
    9. Raziah Bi Mohamed Sadique & Aida Maria Ismail & Jamal Roudaki & Norhayati Alias & Murray B. Clark, 2019. "Corporate Governance Attributes in Fraud Detterence," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 10(3), pages 51-62, May.
    10. Abdul Ghafoor & Rozaimah Zainudin & Nurul Shahnaz Mahdzan, 2019. "Factors Eliciting Corporate Fraud in Emerging Markets: Case of Firms Subject to Enforcement Actions in Malaysia," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 160(2), pages 587-608, December.
    11. Salehi, Mahdi & Mokhtarzadeh, Mahdi & Adibian, Mohammad Sadegh, 2021. "The Effect of Audit Committee Characteristics and Auditor Changes on Financial Restatement in Iran. || El efecto de las características del comité de auditoría y los cambios de auditor en el restablec," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, vol. 31(1), pages 397-416, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:17:y:2024:i:3:p:120-:d:1357824. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.