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Biomarkers of Immunotoxicity for Environmental and Public Health Research

Author

Listed:
  • Paurene Duramad

    (Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way MS #59, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA)

  • Nina T. Holland

    (School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 733 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA)

Abstract

The immune response plays an important role in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases including asthma, autoimmunity and cancer. Application of biomarkers of immunotoxicity in epidemiology studies and human clinical trials can improve our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the associations between environmental exposures and development of these immune-mediated diseases. Immunological biomarkers currently used in environmental health studies include detection of key components of innate and adaptive immunity (e.g., complement, immunoglobulin and cell subsets) as well as functional responses and activation of key immune cells. The use of high-throughput assays, including flow cytometry, Luminex, and Multi-spot cytokine detection methods can further provide quantitative analysis of immune effects. Due to the complexity and redundancy of the immune response, an integrated assessment of several components of the immune responses is needed. The rapidly expanding field of immunoinformatics will also aid in the synthesis of the vast amount of data being generated. This review discusses and provides examples of how the identification and development of immunological biomarkers for use in studies of environmental exposures and immune-mediated disorders can be achieved.

Suggested Citation

  • Paurene Duramad & Nina T. Holland, 2011. "Biomarkers of Immunotoxicity for Environmental and Public Health Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:8:y:2011:i:5:p:1388-1401:d:12297
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    Cited by:

    1. Hiromitsu Kobayashi & Chorong Song & Harumi Ikei & Bum-Jin Park & Takahide Kagawa & Yoshifumi Miyazaki, 2017. "Diurnal Changes in Distribution Characteristics of Salivary Cortisol and Immunoglobulin A Concentrations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-9, August.
    2. Seung-Jae Heo & Sang-Kyun Park & Yong-Seok Jee, 2022. "Detraining Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Fitness, Cytokines, C-Reactive Protein and Immunocytes in Men of Various Age Groups," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-15, February.

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