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Poor Self-Rated Health and Associated Factors among Older Persons in Malaysia: A Population-Based Study

Author

Listed:
  • Norhafizah Sahril

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Yee Mang Chan

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Ying Ying Chan

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Noor Ani Ahmad

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Shaiful Azlan Kassim

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Nik Adilah Shahein

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Solihin Rezali

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Fatin Athirah Tahir

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Nor’ain Ab Wahab

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Norliza Shamsuddin

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Azri Adam Adnan

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Muhamad Khairul Nazrin Khalil

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Siaw Hun Liew

    (Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of poor self-rated health (SRH) in Malaysia and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behavior, chronic diseases, depression, and functional limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) among older persons. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting, participants, and outcome measures: We used data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018, a nationwide community-based study. This study was conducted using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling design. Older persons were defined as persons aged 60 years and above. SRH was assessed using the question “How do you rate your general health?” and the answers were “very good”, “good”, “moderate”, “not good”, and “very bad”. SRH was then grouped into two categories; “Good” (very good and good) and “Poor” (moderate, not good, and very bad). Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The prevalence of poor SRH among older persons was 32.6%. Poor SRH was significantly related to physical inactivity, depression, and limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs). Multiple logistic regression revealed that poor SRH was positively associated with those who had depression (aOR 2.92, 95% CI:2.01,4.24), limitations in ADLs (aOR 1.82, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.54), low individual income (aOR 1.66, 95% CI:1.22, 2.26), physical inactivity (aOR 1.40, 95% CI:1.08, 1.82), and hypertension (aOR 1.23, 95% CI:1.02, 1.49). Conclusions: Older persons with depression, limitations in ADLs, low income, physical inactivity, and hypertension were significantly associated with poor SRH. These findings provide information to aid health personnel and policymakers in the development and implementation of health promotion and disease prevention programs, as well as adequate evidence in planning different levels of care for the older population.

Suggested Citation

  • Norhafizah Sahril & Yee Mang Chan & Ying Ying Chan & Noor Ani Ahmad & Mohd Shaiful Azlan Kassim & Nik Adilah Shahein & Muhammad Solihin Rezali & Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak & Fatin Athirah Tahir & Nor’, 2023. "Poor Self-Rated Health and Associated Factors among Older Persons in Malaysia: A Population-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:5:p:4342-:d:1083562
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Natalia Golini & Viviana Egidi, 2016. "The Latent Dimensions of Poor Self-Rated Health: How Chronic Diseases, Functional and Emotional Dimensions Interact Influencing Self-Rated Health in Italian Elderly," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 128(1), pages 321-339, August.
    2. Sharifah Haron & Deanna Sharpe & Jariah Masud & Mohamed Abdel-Ghany, 2010. "Health Divide: Economic and Demographic Factors Associated with Self-Reported Health Among Older Malaysians," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 31(3), pages 328-337, September.
    3. Jane K L Teh & Nai Peng Tey & Sor Tho Ng, 2014. "Ethnic and Gender Differentials in Non-Communicable Diseases and Self-Rated Health in Malaysia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-8, March.
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