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Environmental Stress Symptoms during Heat Acclimatization, Heat Acclimation, and Intermittent Heat Training

Author

Listed:
  • Ciara N. Manning

    (Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA)

  • Courteney L. Benjamin

    (Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
    Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35226, USA)

  • Yasuki Sekiguchi

    (Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
    Sports Performance Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA)

  • Cody R. Butler

    (Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
    Special Warfare Human Performance Squadron, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX 78236, USA)

  • Michael R. Szymanski

    (Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA)

  • Rebecca L. Stearns

    (Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA)

  • Lawrence E. Armstrong

    (Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA)

  • Elaine C. Lee

    (Human Performance Lab, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA)

  • Douglas J. Casa

    (Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA)

Abstract

Background: Athletes training in heat experience physiological and perceptual symptoms that risk their safety and performance without adaptation. Purpose: We examined the changes in environmental symptoms, assessed with the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ), during heat acclimatization (HAz), heat acclimation (HA), and intermittent heat training (HT). Methods: Twenty-seven participants (mean ± standard deviation [M ± SD], age of 35 ± 12 y, VO 2max of 57.7 ± 6.8 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ) completed five trials involving 60 mins of running (60% vVO 2max ) followed by a 4 km time trial in heat (M ± SD, temperature of 35.5 ± 0.7 °C, humidity of 46.4 ± 1.5%). The trials occurred at baseline, post-HAz, post-HA, at week 4 of HT (post-HT4), and at week 8 of HT (post-HT8). The participants completed HT once/week (HT MIN ), completed HT twice/week (HT MAX ), or did not complete HT (HT CON ). ESQ symptoms, thermal sensation (TS), and heart rate (HR) were measured pre- and post-trial. Results: Post-ESQ symptoms improved post-HA (3[0.40, 4.72], p = 0.02) and post-HAz (3[0.35, 5.05], p = 0.03) from baseline. During HT, symptoms improved in the HT MAX group and worsened in the HT MIN and HT CON groups. Symptoms improved in the HT MAX group versus the HT CON group at post-HT8 (4[1.02, 7.23], p = 0.012). Higher TS and HR values were weakly associated with ESQ symptoms during HT ( r = 0.20, p = 0.04), only explaining 20% of variance. Conclusions: ESQ symptoms improved during HAz, HA, and HT 2x/week. ESQ symptoms were not statistically correlated with HR during exercise heat stress. TS was not sensitive to detecting adaptation and did not subjectively change. The ESQ may be valuable in monitoring adaptation and may contribute to performance post-acclimation.

Suggested Citation

  • Ciara N. Manning & Courteney L. Benjamin & Yasuki Sekiguchi & Cody R. Butler & Michael R. Szymanski & Rebecca L. Stearns & Lawrence E. Armstrong & Elaine C. Lee & Douglas J. Casa, 2023. "Environmental Stress Symptoms during Heat Acclimatization, Heat Acclimation, and Intermittent Heat Training," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3219-:d:1066033
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Courteney L. Benjamin & Yasuki Sekiguchi & Jeb F. Struder & Michael R. Szymanski & Ciara N. Manning & Andrew J. Grundstein & Elaine C. Lee & Robert A. Huggins & Lawrence E. Armstrong & Douglas J. Casa, 2021. "Heat Acclimation Following Heat Acclimatization Elicits Additional Physiological Improvements in Male Endurance Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-12, April.
    2. Yasuki Sekiguchi & Courteney L. Benjamin & Ciara N. Manning & Cody R. Butler & Michael R. Szymanski & Erica M. Filep & Rebecca L. Stearns & Lindsay J. Distefano & Elaine C. Lee & Douglas J. Casa, 2022. "Using Predictive Modeling Technique to Assess Core Temperature Adaptations from Heart Rate, Sweat Rate, and Thermal Sensation in Heat Acclimatization and Heat Acclimation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-9, October.
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    1. Yasuki Sekiguchi & Courteney L. Benjamin & Ciara N. Manning & Cody R. Butler & Michael R. Szymanski & Erica M. Filep & Rebecca L. Stearns & Lindsay J. Distefano & Elaine C. Lee & Douglas J. Casa, 2022. "Using Predictive Modeling Technique to Assess Core Temperature Adaptations from Heart Rate, Sweat Rate, and Thermal Sensation in Heat Acclimatization and Heat Acclimation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-9, October.

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