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The Role of Perceived Social Support and Stress in the Relationship between Hope and Depression among Chinese Shadow Education Tutors: A Serial Mediation Model

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  • Mohan Zhang

    (Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China)

  • Yunpeng Wu

    (School of Teacher Education, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China)

  • Chengjun Ji

    (Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China)

  • Jianfen Wu

    (Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China)

Abstract

The association between hope and depression has been studied, leaving the underlying mechanism of how hope might predict depression unexplored. With a cross-sectional design, this study investigated two possible mediating factors in the relationship between hope and depression among Chinese shadow education tutors, who confront a high turnover rate and are at high risk for depression. Altogether, 221 tutors participated in the survey, and reported their dispositional hope, perceived social support (PSS), perceived stress (PS), and depression. Results indicated that both PSS and PS mediated the relationship between hope and depression. Results also supported the hypothesized serial mediating effect. In other words, hope as a positive disposition may promote PSS, which can mitigate PS. The reduced PS, in turn, alleviates depression. This finding not only shed light on the independent and accumulative mediating effects of PSS and PS, but also has implications for preventive interventions among Chinese shadow education tutors experiencing the enormous pressure of instability. This serial mediation model should be confirmed by further longitudinal study.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohan Zhang & Yunpeng Wu & Chengjun Ji & Jianfen Wu, 2022. "The Role of Perceived Social Support and Stress in the Relationship between Hope and Depression among Chinese Shadow Education Tutors: A Serial Mediation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3348-:d:769667
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dante D. Dixson & Dacher Keltner & Frank C. Worrell & Zena Mello, 2018. "The magic of hope: Hope mediates the relationship between socioeconomic status and academic achievement," The Journal of Educational Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 111(4), pages 507-515, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jijian Lu & Pan Tuo & Junyan Pan & Meimei Zhou & Mohan Zhang & Shaohua Hu, 2023. "Shadow Education in China and Its Diversified Normative Governance Mechanism: Double Reduction Policy and Internet Public Opinion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Jordi Miró & Elisabet Sánchez-Rodríguez & M. Carme Nolla & Rui M. Costa & J. Pais-Ribeiro & Alexandra Ferreira-Valente, 2022. "The Role of Resilience, Happiness, and Social Support in the Psychological Function during the Late Stages of the Lockdown in Individuals with and without Chronic Pain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-10, May.
    3. Fahd Alduais & Abeer Ihsan Samara & Heba Mustafa Al-Jalabneh & Ahmed Alduais & Hind Alfadda & Rasha Alaudan, 2022. "Examining Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies of University Students during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-18, July.

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