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Different Mortality Risks of Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter across Different Cancer Sites

Author

Listed:
  • Miyoun Shin

    (Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea)

  • Ok-Jin Kim

    (Environmental Health Research Division, Environment Health Research Department, National Institute of Environment Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

  • Seongwoo Yang

    (Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea)

  • Seung-Ah Choe

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea)

  • Sun-Young Kim

    (Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea)

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has challenged the global community and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified airborne particulate matter as carcinogenic to humans. However, while most studies of cancer examined a single cancer type using different cohorts, few studies compared the associations of PM between different cancer types. We aimed to compare the association of long-term exposure to PM (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) and cancer mortality across 17 different types of cancer using a population-based cohort in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), South Korea; Our study population includes 87,608 subjects (mean age: 46.58 years) residing in the SMA from the National Health Insurance Services–National Sample cohort (NHIS–NSC) and followed up for 2007–2015. We used the time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of each cancer mortality per 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM concentrations, after adjusting for individual and areal characteristics. During eight years of follow-up, 1487 people died with any of 17 cancer types. Lung cancer death was the highest, followed by liver and stomach cancer. Although we did not find the association for all cancer types, possibly because of limited cancer cases, HRs of PM 2.5 were relatively high for lung, stomach, pancreas, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, prostate, esophagus, oral and pharynx, and brain cancer mortality (HRs = 1.44–7.14). High HRs for pancreas, non–Hodgkin’s lymphoma, esophagus, and oral and pharynx cancer were also seen for PM 10 ; our findings suggest PM air pollution as a potential risk factor of cancer mortality for upper digestive tracts, mouth, pancreas, and non–Hodgkin’s lymphoma in a highly urbanized population with high exposure to PM for a long time.

Suggested Citation

  • Miyoun Shin & Ok-Jin Kim & Seongwoo Yang & Seung-Ah Choe & Sun-Young Kim, 2022. "Different Mortality Risks of Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter across Different Cancer Sites," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3180-:d:766558
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hong-Bae Kim & Jae-Yong Shim & Byoungjin Park & Yong-Jae Lee, 2018. "Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollutants and Cancer Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jing Sui & Hui Xia & Qun Zhao & Guiju Sun & Yinyin Cai, 2022. "Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and the Risk of Chronic Liver Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Sang-Yong Eom & Yong-Dae Kim & Heon Kim, 2022. "Particulate Matter Exposure after a Cancer Diagnosis and All-Cause Mortality in a Regional Cancer Registry-Based Cohort in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-8, August.

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