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Factors Related to Anxiety in Paediatric Patients and Their Parents before and after a Modified Ravitch Procedure—A Single-Centre Cohort Study

Author

Listed:
  • Dariusz Fenikowski

    (Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Rabka-Zdrój Branch, 34-700 Rabka-Zdrój, Poland)

  • Lucyna Tomaszek

    (Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Rabka-Zdrój Branch, 34-700 Rabka-Zdrój, Poland
    Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

Objective. To assess the factors related to perioperative state anxiety in paediatric patients and their parents. Methods. A cohort study was conducted on paediatric patients 9–17 years of age, who underwent the modified Ravitch procedure ( n = 96), and their parents ( n = 96). The level of anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were calculated to find the relationships between the pre- and postoperative state anxiety of the patients/parents and the independent variables, both demographic (age, gender) and clinical (e.g., postoperative pain, trait anxiety). Results. Preoperative anxiety in the paediatric patients was positively correlated with their trait anxiety ( β = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.64) and preoperative parental anxiety ( β = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.42). The high level of preoperative anxiety (vs. low and moderate) ( β = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.58), trait anxiety ( β = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.40) and average postoperative pain at rest ( β = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.34) had a positive impact on the postoperative anxiety in patients. However, the patients’ age was negatively correlated with postoperative anxiety ( β = −0.19; 95% CI: −0.35 to −0.02). Three variables were found to predict preoperative parental anxiety: their trait anxiety ( β = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.59), female gender ( β = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.002 to 0.36) and the intravenous route for the postoperative pain management in the patients ( β = −0.18; 95% CI: −0.36 to −0.001). The parental postoperative anxiety was influenced by their trait anxiety ( β = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.43), preoperative anxiety in patients ( β = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.40) and female gender of children ( β = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.39). Conclusions. Trait anxiety was a strong factor positively affecting the perioperative state anxiety. In addition, paediatric patient anxiety before surgery was related to their parents’ anxiety, and, after surgery, this was associated with high preoperative anxiety, pain and age. The parents’ anxiety before surgery was influenced by gender and the type of postoperative analgesia in the patients, while, after surgery, this was influenced by the patients’ preoperative anxiety/gender.

Suggested Citation

  • Dariusz Fenikowski & Lucyna Tomaszek, 2022. "Factors Related to Anxiety in Paediatric Patients and Their Parents before and after a Modified Ravitch Procedure—A Single-Centre Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16701-:d:1001427
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Laura Pomicino & Elena Maccacari & Sara Buchini, 2018. "Levels of anxiety in parents in the 24 hr before and after their child's surgery: A descriptive study," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(1-2), pages 278-287, January.
    2. Weiwei Liu & Rui Xu & Ji’e Jia & Yilei Shen & Wenxian Li & Lulong Bo, 2022. "Research Progress on Risk Factors of Preoperative Anxiety in Children: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-10, August.
    3. Dariusz Fenikowski & Lucyna Tomaszek, 2022. "Intravenous Morphine Infusion versus Thoracic Epidural Infusion of Ropivacaine with Fentanyl after the Ravitch Procedure—A Single-Center Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-13, September.
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