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Exercise Selection and Common Injuries in Fitness Centers: A Systematic Integrative Review and Practical Recommendations

Author

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  • Diego A. Bonilla

    (Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
    Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences—GICAFS, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
    Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
    Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain)

  • Luis A. Cardozo

    (Research and Measurement Group in Sports Training (IMED), Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia)

  • Jorge M. Vélez-Gutiérrez

    (Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
    ARTHROS Centro de Fisioterapia y Ejercicio, Medellín 050012, Colombia)

  • Adrián Arévalo-Rodríguez

    (Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
    Centro de Capacitación en Acondicionamiento y Preparación Física (CCAPF), Bogotá 111511, Colombia)

  • Salvador Vargas-Molina

    (Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
    Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain)

  • Jeffrey R. Stout

    (Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA)

  • Richard B. Kreider

    (Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA)

  • Jorge L. Petro

    (Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
    Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences—GICAFS, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia)

Abstract

Weight resistance training (RT) is an essential component of physical conditioning programs to improve the quality of life and physical fitness in different ages and populations. This integrative review aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between exercise selection and the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries in physical fitness centers (PFC). The PubMed or Medline, EMBASE or Science Direct, Google Scholar and PEDro databases were selected to examine the available literature using a Boolean algorithm with search terms. The review process was performed using the five-stage approach for an integrative review and it was reported according to the PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Sports Science (PERSiST) guidelines. A total of 39 peer-reviewed articles (Price index = 71.7%) met the inclusion criteria and evaluated the link between exercise selection and the incidence of injuries in exercisers who regularly attend PFC. Most injuries occur to the shoulders, elbows, vertebrae of the spine, and knees. Although the injury etiologies are multifactorial, the findings of the reviewed articles include the impacts of overuse, short post-exercise recovery periods, poor conditioning in the exercised body areas, frequent use of heavy loads, improper technique in certain exercises, and the abuse of performance- and image-enhancing drugs. Practical recommendations addressed to clinical exercise physiologists, exercise professionals, and health professionals are given in this paper. The exercise selection in RT programs requires professional supervision and adhering to proper lifting techniques and training habits that consider the anatomical and biomechanical patterns of the musculoskeletal structures, as well as genetic, pedagogical, and methodological aspects directly related to the stimulus–response process to mitigate the occurrence of RT-related injuries in PFC.

Suggested Citation

  • Diego A. Bonilla & Luis A. Cardozo & Jorge M. Vélez-Gutiérrez & Adrián Arévalo-Rodríguez & Salvador Vargas-Molina & Jeffrey R. Stout & Richard B. Kreider & Jorge L. Petro, 2022. "Exercise Selection and Common Injuries in Fitness Centers: A Systematic Integrative Review and Practical Recommendations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-31, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12710-:d:933605
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniela Lucini & Massimo Pagani, 2021. "Exercise Prescription to Foster Health and Well-Being: A Behavioral Approach to Transform Barriers into Opportunities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-22, January.
    2. Diego A. Bonilla & Alexandra Pérez-Idárraga & Adrián Odriozola-Martínez & Richard B. Kreider, 2020. "The 4R’s Framework of Nutritional Strategies for Post-Exercise Recovery: A Review with Emphasis on New Generation of Carbohydrates," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Salvador Vargas-Molina & Manuel García-Sillero & Ramón Romance & Jorge L. Petro & José Daniel Jiménez-García & Diego A. Bonilla & Richard B. Kreider & Javier Benítez-Porres, 2022. "Traditional and Undulating Periodization on Body Composition, Strength Levels and Physical Fitness in Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-14, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Isabel A. Sánchez & Jaime A. Cuchimba & María C. Pineda & Yenny P. Argüello & Jana Kočí & Richard B. Kreider & Jorge L. Petro & Diego A. Bonilla, 2023. "Adaptogens on Depression-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Integrative Review and Rationale of Synergism with Physical Activity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(7), pages 1-25, March.
    2. Antonio Jesús Casimiro-Andújar & Juan Carlos Checa & María-Jesús Lirola & Eva Artés-Rodríguez, 2023. "Promoting Physical Activity and Health in the Workplace: A Qualitative Study among University Workers, Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-12, January.

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